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BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy > REMEMBER!! (thoratic cage) > Flashcards

REMEMBER!! (thoratic cage) Flashcards

1
Q

How do the ribs articulate with the vertebrae?

A

The head of the rib articulates with the costal facet on the body of the vertebrae (superior and inferior demifacets)

The TUBERCLE of the rib articulates with the transverse costal facet on the transverse process of the vertebrae

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2
Q

How do the vertebrae articulate with each other?

A

Through articular facets - point upwards

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3
Q

What do the Tubercles of the ribs articulate with?

A

The Transverse processes of the vertebrae

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4
Q

What are true ribs?

Why are they true?

A

1-7

They each have their own costal cartiladge

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5
Q

Which ribs are false? Why?

A

8-10

They each articulate with the costal cartilige of the rib above

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6
Q

Which ribs are floating? Why?

A

11 and 12 - they bare NO attachment to ANY costal cartiladge

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7
Q

What is the ‘costal groove’ of a rib?

A

On the bottom of the rib where:
Veins
Arteries
Nerves

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8
Q

Which ribs are atypical and why?

A

1 - Short and fat, with grooves for the subclavian artery and vein

  • Landmarks for muscles
  • Only ONE facet on head

2 - Smaller than typical ribs

10- ONE facet on head

11 and 12 - No neck, pointy sternal end, ONE facet on head

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9
Q

Which ribs attach to the manubrium of the sternum?

A

Rib 1

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10
Q

Where does rib 2 attach to the sternum?

A

Joint between manubrium and the body (each have 1 demifacet)

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11
Q

Which ribs attach to the inferiror body of the sternum?

A

6 and 7

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12
Q

What are the notches present on the manubrium?

A

Jugular notch (superiorly)

Clavicular nothches (paired)

First costal notch

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13
Q

What is the sternal angle and what does it mark?

A

Where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum (T4/T5)

Marks:

  • Where the trachea bifuricates
  • Where the aorta branches
  • CC 2
  • Boundary between the superior and inferior mediastinum
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14
Q

What is pump handle respiration?

A

Thrust of the sternum

Ribs 2-7 are elevated and everted

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15
Q

What is bucket handle respiration?

A

Raising the costal margin

Movement of ribs 8-12

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16
Q

What is the order of the contents in the chest?

A

Veins
Arteries
Tachea
Oesophagus

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17
Q

What are the branches of the superior vena cava?

A

Azygous vein

Brachiocephalic vein

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18
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Internal jugular vein

External jugular vein

Subclavian vein

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19
Q

What is the origin of the diaphragm?

A

Xipohoid process

Lower 6 costal cartiladges

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20
Q

What fuses with the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

The pericardium - sits directly on top

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21
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm?

A

T8

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22
Q

Where does the inferior oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

23
Q

Where does the inferior descending aorta pierce the diaphragm?

A

It doesn’t, it passes behind the diaphragm at T12, in the posterior mediastinum

24
Q

Which pleaura of the lungs hangs down?

A

The parietal pleaura

25
What does the vagus nerve supply?
Smooth muscle of the abdominal organs
26
What does the phrenic nerve supply?
The diaphragm
27
What is the difference between the pathway of the phrenic nerve and the vagus nerve?
Vagus nerve follows the oesophagus Pherenic nerve follows the pericardium of the heart
28
What is the difference between the right and left lungs?
Right has 3 lobes and is slighlty larger | Left has 2 lobes and is smaller
29
What are the relations of the right lung?
SVC IVC Heart Oesophagus
30
What are the relations of the left lung?
Aortic arch Thoratic aorta Heart Oesophagus
31
In the right lung, what is the level of the horizontal fissure?
4th rib | Starts halfway along the oblique fissure
32
What is another name for the sternal angle?
Angle of Louis
33
What is another name for the horizontal fissure of the right lung?
Transverse fissure
34
What are the borders of the heart?
Right to left, top to bottom UPPER border of 3rd CC LOWER border of 2nd CC UPPER border of 6th CC 5th intercostal space
35
Where does the right atrium receive its blood from?
Coronary sinus Superior anf inferior VC Anterior CARDIAC vein
36
What does the left atrium receive its blood from?
2 x superior pulmonary veins | 2 x inferior pulmonary veins
37
What are the atria separated by and what does this contain?
The inter-atrial septum Contains the fossa ovalis
38
What is the fossa ovalis?
A remnant of the foramen ovale (shunts oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the feotus)
39
Where does the azygos vein run?
Alongside the right of the oesophagus (behind the heart) From its origin at the superior vena cave
40
In the foetus, what provides oxygen to the blood?
The PLACENTA (NOT the lungs!!!!)
41
What is the difference between the right atria in the fetus and after birth?
In the fetus, it recieves OXYGENATED BLOOD from the placenta After birth, it recives DEOXYGENATED blood from the rest of the body
42
What are pectinate muscles?
Irregular muscles on the inside of the atria (line the auricles)
43
What is the cristae terminalis?
A smooth muscle band at the opening of the auricle in the RIGHT atrium
44
Which atria has a tricuspid and which has a bicuspid valve?
Tricuspid - right Bicuspid - left
45
What are trebecular carnae?
Mark the inflow of blood - irregular muscle elevations in the ventricles
46
What is the moderator band and where is it found?
A projection of the interventricular septum to a papillary muscle at the other side In the RIGHT ventricle
47
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
Remnant of the ductus arteriosus which shuts blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta - to avoid the lungs
48
Where does the blood from the right ventricle go?
To the lungs via the pulmonary trunk
49
Where does the blood from the left ventricle go?
To the rest of the body via to aorta
50
Where does the left atrium recieve its blood from?
4 x pulmonary veins
51
What gives rise to the coronary sinus?
The aortic sinus (directly above the aortic valve)
52
What tells you if you have a left dominant or right dominant heart?
Which of the coronary arteries give rise to the posterior interventricular branch
53
Which coronary artery supplies the front apex of the heart?
Left
54
Which coronary atery runs in the atrioventricular groove?
Right

BMS 228 - Introduction to human anatomy (13 decks)

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