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Anatomy Exam 4 > The pelvis > Flashcards

The pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What area of the pelvis is the false pelvis?

A

Ilium

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2
Q

What is does the false pelvis contain?

A

Pelvic inlet

Does not have any pelvic organs

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3
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

Where everything comes out- feces, urine, babies

It’s part of the lesser/true pelvis

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4
Q

What is the true pelvis?

A

Houses the pelvic organs- bladder, reproductive organs etc.

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5
Q

What do the pelvic ligaments do?

A

Prevent the pelvis from rotating superiorly and helps protect the organs

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6
Q

Sacrospinous ligaments attachments

A

Goes from sacrum down to ischial spine

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7
Q

sacrotuberous ligaments attachments

A

goes from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

Intraosseous Sacroiliac ligaments attachments

A

Goes from sacrum to ilium

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the intraosseous sacroiliac ligament?

A

Transmit all the force from the upper body to the lower body

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10
Q

What are the male pelvis features?

A
  1. Pelvic inlet is heart shaped
  2. Pelvic outlet is oval
  3. Sub-pubic angle can be estimated with peace fingers
  4. Lesser Q-angle
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11
Q

What are the female pelvis features?

A
  1. Pelvic inlet is oval shaped
  2. Pelvic outlet is circular
  3. Sub-pubic angle can’t be approximated with peace fingers
  4. Pelvis is wider in general
  5. Greater Q-angle
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12
Q

Origin and Insertion of Piriformis muscle

A

O: 2nd-4th sacral segments, greater sciatic notch, and sacrotuberous ligament
I: Greater trochanter of femur

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13
Q

Innervation of Piriformis muscle

A

Nerve to the piriformis (S2, S3)

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14
Q

Piriformis muscle action

A

Rotates the thigh laterally, A-Bducts the thigh, and holds the femur in the acetabulum

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15
Q

Obturator internus origin and insertion

A

O: Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium, obturator membrane
I: Greater trochanter of femur

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16
Q

Action of the obturator internus muscle

A

rotates the thigh laterally, holds the femur in the acetabulum

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17
Q

Innervation of obturator internus muscle

A

Nerve to the obturator internus

L5,S1,S2

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18
Q

Characteristics of obturator internus muscle

A
  1. Passes through lesser sciatic foramen

2. Lined by the obturator internus membrane which forms the tendinous arch

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19
Q

Characteristics of piriformis muscle

A
  1. Passes through greater sciatic foramen
  2. Posterior muscle
  3. Provides a bed for the sacral plexus
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20
Q

Pelvic floor contents

A
  1. coccygeus muscles

2. Levator ani muscles

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21
Q

What are the Levator ani muscles?

A
  1. Puporectalis
  2. Pubococcygeus
  3. Iliococcygeus
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22
Q

Origin and insertion of levator ani muscle

A

O: Body of pubis, tendinous arch of levator ani, ischial spine
I: perioneal body, coccyx, anococcygeal ligament, walls of prostate, vagina, rectum, anal canal

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23
Q

Action of levator ani muscle

A

Supports pelvic viscera, resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

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24
Q

Levator ani innervation

A
  1. Nerve to levator ani (S4)
  2. Inferior Rectal nerve
  3. Coccygeal plexus
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25
Q

Origin and insertion of coccygeus muscle

A

O: ischial spine
I: Inferior end of sacrum

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26
Q

Action of coccygeus muscle

A

Supports pelvic viscera, flexes coccyx

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27
Q

Coccygeus muscle innervation

A

branches of S4 and S5 nerves

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28
Q

Branches of lumbar plexus

A
  1. Lumbosacral trunk
  2. Obtruator nerve
  3. Accessory Obturator nerve (if present)
29
Q

Sciatic nerve

A
  • Divides into anterior and posterior divisions
  • Exits via greater sciatic foramen
  • Supplies everything in the leg minus the anterior compartment
30
Q

What is Sciatica?

A

pain causes from piriformis muscle impinging the sciatic nerve

31
Q

What are the branches from the sciatic nerve?

A
  1. Common femoral/ peroneal
  2. Tibial
  3. Pudendal
  4. Superior and Inferior Gluteal
32
Q

Characteristics of pudendal nerve

A
  1. nerve of shame- goes to genitalia and reproductive parts
  2. part of anterior division
  3. exits pelvis from greater sciatic foramen
  4. enter perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
33
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?

A
  1. dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis
  2. Perineal nerves
  3. Inferior rectal nerve
34
Q

Characteristics of superior gluteal nerve

A
  1. innervates gluteus minimus and medius, and the tensor fascia latae muscles
  2. part of the posterior division
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic forament
35
Q

Characteristics of the inferior gluteal nerve

A
  1. Innervates the gluteus maximus
  2. Part of the posterior division
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen
36
Q

Where does the sympathetic chain end?

A

ganglion impar

37
Q

What levels are the sympathetics located?

A

T11-L2 spinal segments

synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion

38
Q

What levels are parasympathetics located?

A

S2-S4

called pelvic splanchnic nerves

39
Q

Where do parasympathetics synapse?

A
  1. In ganglia

2. On target organ or gut plexus

40
Q

What are the branches of the common iliac artery?

A
  1. Internal iliac

2. External iliac

41
Q

What are the divisions of the internal iliac artery?

A
  1. Anterior division

2. Posterior division

42
Q

What arteries are in the anterior division?

A
  1. Umbilical
  2. Obturator
  3. Inferior vesicular
  4. Middle rectal
  5. Internal pudendal
  6. Inferior gluteal
  7. Uterine
43
Q

What artery branches from interior vesicular?

A

prostatic

44
Q

What artery branches from the uterine artery?

A

vaginal

45
Q

What does the umbilical artery supply?

A

Gives off the superior vesicular artery that supplies the bladder and ductus deferens in males

46
Q

What does the obturator artery supply?

A

Pelvic muscles, ilium, and head of the femur

47
Q

What does the inferior vesicular artery supply?

A

Bladder and ureters

48
Q

What does the prostatic artery supply?

A

seminal gland and prostate

49
Q

What does the rectal artery supply?

A

Seminal gland, prostate, and rectum

50
Q

What does the internal pudendal artery supply?

A

Main artery to perineal skin and urogenital triangle, erectile tissues

51
Q

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

A

Piriformis, coccygeus, levator ani, and gluteus maximus

52
Q

What does the uterine artery supply?

A

Ureter, uterus, uterine tube, and vagina

53
Q

What does the vaginal artery supply?

A

Vagina and bladder

54
Q

What arteries are in the posterior division?

A
  1. Iliolumbar
  2. Lateral sacral
  3. Superior gluteal
55
Q

What does the iliolumbar artery supply?

A

iliacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum muscles, cauda equina

56
Q

What does the lateral sacral artery supply?

A

Piriformis muscle and vertebral column

57
Q

What does the superior gluteal artery supply?

A

This vessel can come off the anterior!

gluteal medius, gluteal minimus, and the tensor fascia latae

58
Q

Describe the male urethra

A
  1. internal urethral sphincter- bladder muscle continuous with prostate fibromuscular tissue
  2. Much longer with 2 curves
  3. Passes through the prostate
  4. composed of 4 parts
59
Q

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. Pre-prostatic
  2. Prostatic
  3. Membranous vs. spongy part
  4. external urethral meatus
60
Q

Where are the ejaculatory ducts located?

A

Part of the prostatic urethra

61
Q

What joins to make the ejaculatory ducts?

A

seminal vesicles and ductus deferens join and mix with the prostatic ducts to make semen

62
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

A
  1. Isthmus
  2. Ampulla-
  3. Infundibulum- opening
  4. Fimbriae- finger-like projections
63
Q

Where is the isthmus of the uterus?

A

Narrow passageway from the body to the cervix

64
Q

What 2 structures are a remnant of the gubernaculum that support the uterus?

A
  1. ovarian ligament

2. Round ligament

65
Q

What are the mesenteries of the broad ligament?

A
  1. Mesovarium- attaches ovareis to mesosalpinx
  2. Mesosalpinx- connects uterine horns to uterus
  3. Mesometrium- attaches uterus to body wall
66
Q

Innervation of the vagina?

A
  1. lower 1/4 deep perineal branch of pudendal

2. Upper 3/4 autonomics

67
Q

What is the normal placement of the uterus?

A

anteverted + anteflexed

68
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands do?

A

secrete before ejaculation to clean the urethra

69
Q

What nerve allows erection of the penis?

A

Parasympathetic fibers of the prostatic nerve plexus

During a prostate removal these fibers are often resected causing impotency

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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