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Anatomy Exam 4 > Anatomy of the leg > Flashcards

Anatomy of the leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the fibula?

A

Provide area for muscle attachments

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2
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

Connects tibia and fibula

Has an opening to allow blood vessels into lower leg

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3
Q

What nerves provide cutaneous innervation of the leg

A
  1. Saphenous nerve
  2. Medial sural cutaneous nerve
  3. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
  4. Sural communicating nerve
  5. Sural nerve
  6. Superficial peroneal nerve
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4
Q

Characteristics of saphenous nerve

A
  1. L3, L4 branch of femoral nerve
  2. Supplies skin on medial, posterior, and anterior part of leg
  3. Supplies part of the foot
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5
Q

What nerve is the medial sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

tibial nerve

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6
Q

Characteristics of lateral sural nerve

A
  1. Branch of common peroneal nerve
  2. Supplies skin of lateral leg
  3. Becomes the sural communicating nerve
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7
Q

Characteristics of sural communicating nerve

A
  1. Branch of lateral sural cutaneous nerve

2. Joins with medial sural cutaneous nerve to make the sural nerve

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8
Q

Characteristics of the sural nerve

A
  1. Formed by the medial sural nerve and communicating sural nerve
  2. Gives off branches to the lower leg
  3. Important for the foot
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9
Q

Characteristics of superficial peroneal nerve

A
  1. Branch of common peroneal
  2. Courses through lateral compartment
  3. Supplies skin of anterolateral distal leg and dorsum of foot
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10
Q

Small saphenous vein discription

A
  1. begins lateral side of foot
  2. ascends along posterior medial leg
  3. Drains into popliteal vein posterior to knee joint
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11
Q

What is the crural fascia of the leg?

A

Deep fascia that is a continuation of the fascia lata

Attached to the anterior and medial borders of tibia

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12
Q

What septa does the crural fascia give rise to?

A

All attached to the fibula

  1. anterior intermuscular crural septum
  2. Posterior intermuscular crural septum
  3. Transverse intermuscular crural septum
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13
Q

What retinaculum does the crural fascia give rise to?

A
  1. Superior extensor retinaculum
  2. Inferior extensor retinaculum
  3. Flexor retinaculum
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14
Q

Where is the superior extensor retinaculum?

A

Goes from medial malleolus to lateral malleolus

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15
Q

What is the purpose of retinaculum?

A

Stops tendons from bow-stringing across the ankle

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16
Q

Where is the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A

Y goes across dorsal part of foot

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17
Q

What is the main action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Dorsiflexors of the ankle
  2. Extensors of the toes
  3. Muscles are in the leg but action is in the foot
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18
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor compartment:
  3. Peroneus tertius
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19
Q

The anterior compartment is also called the….?

A

Dorsiflexor (extensor) compartment

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20
Q

Characteristics of tibialis anterior muscle?

A 
Part of anterior compartment 
O: tibia and IO membrane 
I: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone 
A: eversion, extend the ankle joint 
Shin splints occur here 
Strongest dorsiflexor
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21
Q

What muscles are in the extensor compartment of the anterior compartment?

A
  1. Extensor hallucis longus

2. Extensor digitorum longus

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22
Q

Extensor hallucis longus O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: fibula and IO membrane
I: distal phalanx of 1st toe

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23
Q

Extensor digitorum longus O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: tibia, fibula and IO membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Goes below extensor retinaculum to give off tendons to 4 lateral toes

24
Q

Peroneus tertius muscle O and I

A

O: fibula and IO membrane
I: 5th metatarsal bone
Attaches to extensor digitorum longus
It has its own tendon that does not go down to the toes but to the 5th metatarsal

25
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Deep peroneal nerve = branch of the common peroneal nerve

26
Q

Artery of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

27
Q

What artery is the anterior tibial artery a branch of?

A

Popliteal artery

28
Q

What branches does the anterior tibial artery give off?

A
  1. Tibial recurrent artery
  2. Anterior medial and lateral malleolar artery
  3. Dorsalis pedis artery
29
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery change its name to at the ankle joint?

A

dorsalis pedis to supply the foot

30
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

-The deep fascia of the leg has no give to it ergo when an injury occurs and swelling, bleeding, etc happen the compression increases and causes more blood vessels to break and can lead to nerve damage

31
Q

What happens if the common peroneal nerve is damaged?

A

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral compartment muscles

32
Q

What are the main actions of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Everter compartment

- raise the foot off the ground and it goes inward

33
Q

Characteristics of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Muscles have their own retinaculi = peroneal retinacula

These muscles are easily over used

34
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment

A
  1. peroneus longus

2. peroneus brevis

35
Q

Peroneus longus muscle O and I

A

O: lateral fibula
I: Base 1st metatarsal and medial cuneifrom
Tendon goes to the groove of the cuboid bone and forms a sling for the foot

36
Q

Peroneus brevis muscle O and I

A

O: lateral fibula
I: Tendon goes to 5th metatarsal

37
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve = branch of common peroneal

38
Q

What arteries supply the muscles in the lateral compartment?

A
  1. branches of peroneal artery- from posterior compartment

2. branches of anterior tibial artery- from anterior compartment

39
Q

What are the main actions of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Plantar flexion
  2. inversion of the foot
    Known as the flexor compartment
40
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment?

A
  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Flexor hallucis longus
41
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Triceps surae
  4. Plantaris muscle
42
Q

Characteristics of gastrocnemius muscle

A

Part of posterior compartment
O: lateral and medial condyles of the femur (2 heads of origin)
I: calcaneus
1. Crosses the knee joint = flexes the knee
2 Plantar flex the foot
3. Raise the heel off the ground for walking

43
Q

What is the blood supply to the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Posterior tibial artery that is a dead end artery

44
Q

Characteristics of the soleus muscle

A 
Part of posterior compartment 
O: fibula, soleal line of tibia 
I: calcaneus 
1. Tendinous arch at top of muscle that forms a tunnel for tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery 
2. Anti-gravity muscle
45
Q

What is the action of the soleus muscle?

A
  1. Crosses the ankle joint = plantar flexion

2. Raise the heel of the ground

46
Q

What makes the triceps surae?

A

2 heads of the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle

47
Q

Characteristics of plantaris muscle

A

Part of the posterior compartment
O: lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: calcaneus via “freshman nerve”- plantaris tendon
Action: proprioception

48
Q

Characteristics of popliteus muscle

A

Part of posterior compartment
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: Superior to soleal line of tibia
Action: weak knee flexion and laterally rotate remur on tibia 5 degrees to unlock knee joint

49
Q

Characteristics of flexor hallucis longus muscle

A

Part of posterior compartment
O: fibula and IO membrane
I: base of 1st distal phalanx

50
Q

Characteristic of flexor digitorum longus

A

Part of posterior compartment
O: tibia inferior to soleal line
I: bases of distal phalanages of toes 2-5

51
Q

Characteristics of tibialis posterior

A

Part of posterior compartment
O: tibia, fibula, and IO membrane
I: navicular, cuneiform’s, cuboid, bases of 2-4 metatarsals

52
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Tibial nerve

53
Q

What artery supplies the posterior compartment?

A

Posterior tibial artery- branch of popliteal artery gives off many branches

54
Q

What does the calf pump do for veins?

A
  • Muscles pump blood up and valves stop the blood from going down
  • Blood goes up the superficial veins into the deep veins
  • deep veins have big muscles to pump the blood up to the trunk
55
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Valves don’t work properly.

  • Blood flows from deep veins back to superficial veins
  • incompetent valves
  • superficial veins don’t have much support

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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