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Anatomy Exam 4 > Hip and Knee Joint > Flashcards

Hip and Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball-and-socket type of synovial joint

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2
Q

Describe the articular capsule of the hip joint

A
  • strong and dense fibrous structure
  • Not a complete capsule
  • Synovial membrane lines the capsule and covers portion of femur neck
  • Synovial joint inside
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3
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  1. Iliofemoral ligament
  2. Pubofemoral ligament
  3. Ischiofemoral ligament
  4. Ligament capitis femoris
  5. Acetabular labrum
  6. Transverse acetabular ligament
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4
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament attached?

A
  1. Apex attached to AIIS

2. Base attached to intertrochanteric line

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5
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

A

Aids in avoiding hyperextension and external rotation of the hip
Helps maintain and erect posture

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6
Q

Where is the pubofemoral ligament?

A
  1. Apex blends with iliofemoral ligament

2. Base attached to superior ramus of pubis and obturator crest

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7
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament do?

A

Aids in avoiding hyperextension, abduction, and external rotation of the hip

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8
Q

Where is the ischiofemoral ligament located?

A

Attached to body of ischium below and behind acetabulum

Fibers attach laterally to femoral neck and below greater trochanter

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9
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament do?

A

Aids in avoiding hyperextension and internal rotation

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10
Q

Where is the ligament capitis femoris located?

A
  1. Attached to fovea capitis femoris

2. Base goes to the transverse ligament

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11
Q

What does the ligament capitis femoris do?

A
  1. Important for children
  2. Takes blood vessels to femur head
  3. Becomes tense when flexed thigh is adducted
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12
Q

Where is the acetabular labrum located?

A

Margin of the acetabulum

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13
Q

What does the acetabular labrum do?

A

Keeps the head of the femur inside the acetabulum

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14
Q

Where is the transverse acetabular ligament located?

A

Continuation of the acetabular labrum across the acetabular notch

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15
Q

What are the arteries that supply the hip joint?

A

All derived from the obturator aretery

  1. Medial circumflex femoral
  2. Lateral circumflex femoral
  3. Inferior and superior gluteal
  4. 1st perforating
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16
Q

What happens to vessels with a hip fracture?

A

Subcapital fracture can break the vessels that go to the femur head leads to necrosis of the head

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17
Q

What are the nerves to the hip joint?

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Obturator
  3. Superior gluteal
  4. Inferior gluteal
  5. Sciatic
18
Q

What artery is cut in a subcapital hip fracture?

A

Retinacular artery causing the head of the femur to lose its blood supply

19
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Condyloid joint which allows rotation, hinge movement, and gliding

20
Q

Is the knee joint strong?

A

Mechanically the knee joint is weak but the ligaments make it strong

21
Q

What is the articulation of the knee joint?

A

Between the rounded condyles of the femur and covered in cartilage

22
Q

Describe the articular capsule of the knee joint

A
  1. Fairly strong
  2. Incomplete at places due to muscles being on the inside of the capsule
  3. Attached to margins of the articular surface
  4. Strengthened by ligaments
23
Q

What is the quadriceps tendon?

A

Tendon that encloses the patella

It is a medial and lateral retinacula

24
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee joint?

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Medial collateral ligament
  3. Fibular collateral ligament
  4. Tibial collateral ligament
  5. Oblique popliteal ligament
  6. Arcuate popliteal ligament
  7. Coronary ligament
  8. Intra-articular ligament
25
Q

What causes the collateral ligaments to become tight?

A

Extension and stabilization of the knee joint

26
Q

What do the intra-articular ligaments do?

A
  • Provide 5 ligaments that attach the tibia to the femur
    1. Transverse ligament
    2. Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
    3. Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
    4. Anterior cruciate ligament
    5. Posterior cruciate ligament
27
Q

Describe the anterior cruciate ligament

A

It is the ACL of the knee

  • long but weak compared to the posterior cruciate
  • stops hyperextension of the knee
  • From the anterior interchondral fossa to the lateral condyle of the femur
28
Q

Describe the posterior cruciate ligament

A
  • Shorter but stronger than anterior cruciate ligament
  • Stops hyperflexion at the knee
  • From the posterior interchondral fossa to the medial condyle of the femur
29
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

Deepen the articular surface

30
Q

Where do the menisci attach?

A
  1. Interimposed between the femoral and tibial condyles
  2. Attached to the tibial condyles
  3. The peripheral area is attached to the coronary ligament
31
Q

What nerves innervate the knee joint area?

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Obturator
  3. Common peroneal and tibial
32
Q

What is the blood supply to the knee joint?

A
  1. Genicular anastomosis

2. Middle genicular artery to the intercondylar structures

33
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint?

A
  1. Flexion via the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
  2. Extension via quadriceps femoris
34
Q

What is a bakers cyst?

A
  1. Synovial fluid escapes into popliteal fossa
35
Q

What is the most common knee injury?

A

Ligament sprains

36
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A
  • Involved the tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and ACL
  • Worst knee injury
  • Occurs when get hit on the lateral side of the knee
  • TIbial collateral ligament typically tears
37
Q

What is the anterior and posterior drawer sign?

A

Determines cruciate tears

38
Q

Describe the anterior cruciate drawer sign

A

Tests for an ACL tear

-Pull leg anteriorly and the leg will go further than it should

39
Q

Describe the posterior cruciate drawer sign

A

Tests for a PCL tear

-Push leg back and it will go further back than it should

40
Q

What is genu varum?

A

bow leg

41
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

Knock knee

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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