Foot Joints Flashcards
What forms the arch of the foot?
Tarsal and metatarsal bones of the foot
What do the arches of the foot do?
- Add to weigh bearing resilience
- Shock absorption
- Propel the lower limb during walking
- Provide a spring in bodies step
What are the 3 arches of the foot?
- Medial longitudinal arch
- Lateral longitudinal arch
- Transverse arch
What does the medial longitudinal arch consist of?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- navicular
- Three cuneiforms
- three medial metatarsals
Describe the medial longitudinal arch
- Higher and more important than the lateral longitudinal arch
- Supported by the spring (calcaneonavicular) ligament and the plantar aponeurosis
What does the lateral longitudinal arch consist of?
- Calcaneus
- cuboid
- Lateral 2 metatarsals
Describe the lateral longitudinal arch
- Flatter
- Rests on ground while standing- disappears in a way
- Supported by long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, and plantar aponeurosis
What forms the transverse arch?
- Cuboid
- Three cuneiforms
- Bases of all the metatarsals
What are the bones of the ankle joint?
- Trochlea of talus
- Tibia
- Fibula
What are the ligaments of the ankle joint?
- Deltoid ligament
2. Lateral ligament
Describe the deltoid ligament
Located on medial side of the joint with 4 bands
- Anterior tibiotalar
- posterior tibiotalar
- Tibionavicular
- Tibiocalcaneal
Describe the lateral ligament
Located on the lateral side of the ankle joint with 3 bands
- Anterior talofibular
- Posterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
What are the actions of the ankle joint?
- Dorsiflexion
2. Plantar flexion
What is a subtalar joint?
- Plane type of synovial joint
- Talus rests on the calcaneus
- Permits inversion and eversion
What is a tarsometatarsal joint?
- Plane type of synovial joint
2. Four anterior tarsal bones with the bases of the metatarsals
What is an intermetatarsal joint?
- Plane type of synovial joint
- Permits slight gliding movements
- Articulation between the bases of the metatarsals
What is a metatarsal phalangeal joint?
- Condyloid type of synovial joints
- Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation
- Articulation between the heads of the metatarsals and the bases of the proximal phalanges
What is an interphalangeal joint?
- Hinge type of synovial joint
2. Permits flexion and extension
What happens in an ankle spring
-Lateral ligaments get damaged typically
Extensive inversion cause in most cases
-Ankle joint is the most frequently injured major joint
-Usually an inversion injury - causing damage to the lateral ligaments
What is a Potts fracture?
- When foot forcefully everted
2. It often results in fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli, and fibula
