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Anatomy Exam 4 > Anatomy of the Thigh > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

How is body weight transferred in the body?

A

Vertebral column –> sacroiliac joints –> pelvic girdle –> hip joints –> femurs –> knee joints –> Tibia –> ankle joints –> arches of the foot
- Body weight is equally distributed from right and left hip

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2
Q

Angle of inclination

A

Angle of the femur

  1. Normal is 126 degrees
  2. Angle widest at birth 140 degrees
  3. Angle narrowest in old age 110 degrees
  4. In females the angle is greater due to wider hips
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3
Q

Superficial fascia

A
  1. Continuous with abdominal fascia

2. Embedded within are many nerves and blood vessels

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4
Q

What are the names of the cutaneous nerves of the thigh?

A
  1. Genital branch of genitofemoral
  2. Ilioinguinal
  3. Femoral branch of genitofemoral
  4. Medial femoral
  5. Intermediate femoral
  6. Lateral femoral
  7. Posterior femoral
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5
Q

Characteristics of genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

A

L1, L2

  1. Emerge from superficial ring to supply proximal medial thigh
  2. Most of the branches go to genital region
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6
Q

Characteristics of ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

  1. Emerge from superficial ring to supply proximal medial thigh
  2. Most of the branches go to genital region
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7
Q

Characteristics of femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

A

L1, L2

  1. Supplies skin over the femoral triangle
  2. Proximal part of anterior thigh
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8
Q

Characteristics of medial femoral cutaneous branch

A
  1. Branch off the femoral nerve

2. Supplies skin of the medial thigh

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9
Q

Characteristics of intermediate femoral cutaneous branch

A
  1. Branch of femoral nerve

2. Supplies skin of the distal anterior thigh

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10
Q

Characteristics of lateral femoral cutaneous branch

A

L2, L3

  1. NOT part of the femoral nerve
  2. Enters the thigh medial to ASIS
  3. Supplies skin of lateral thigh
  4. Sits lateral to intermediate cutaneous branch
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11
Q

Characteristics of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

S1-S3

  1. Supplies posterior thigh and popliteal region
  2. Originates from sacral plexus
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12
Q

Dermatome levels for the leg

A
  1. L1-L5 for lower body skin

2. S2-S3 back of the thigh

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13
Q

Superficial arteries are branches from what artery?

A
  • branches from the femoral artery mainly
    1. Superficial circumflex iliac artery
    2. Superficial external pudendal artery
    3. Deep external pudendal artery
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14
Q

Vein of the thigh

A

Great saphenous vein

  1. Begins in the foot and ascends to proximal part of the thigh
  2. Empties into the femoral vein
  3. Enters the thigh passing posterior to the medial condyle of the femur
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15
Q

What does the deep fascia or fascia lata do for the muscles?

A
  1. Prevents the muscles from bulging
  2. Attaches to the IT band to hold it up
  3. Provides intermuscular septa that divides the thigh into 3 compartments
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16
Q

Iliotibial tract band (IT)

A

Lateral thickening of the fascia

Acts like a stocking that is held up by the tensor fascia latae

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17
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata attach?

A 
Superiorly = Inguinal ligament, parts of the hip bone, sacrum/coccyx, scarpa's fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
Inferiorly = knee joint becomes continuous with crural fascia
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18
Q

What nerve are all the muscles of the anterior compartment innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

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19
Q

What is the action of all the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A
  1. Flexors of the hip

2. Extensors of the knee

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20
Q

Characteristics of the sartorius muscle

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: ASIS
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia
Crosses 2 joints = hip and knee joint ergo produce movement at both joint

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21
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

3 muscles that insert on the same area

  1. Sartorius
  2. Gracilis
  3. Semitendinosus
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22
Q

Characteristics of quadriceps femoris muscle

A 
Part of anterior compartment 
Tendon attaches to patella via patella ligament 
Comprised of 4 muscles 
1. Rectus femoris 
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis 
4. Vastus intermedius
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23
Q

Recuts femoris O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
one of the quadricep femoris muscles
O: AIIS
I: patella

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24
Q

Vastus lateralis O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
One of the quadriceps femoris muscles
O: linea aspera
I: Patella

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25
Q

Vastus medialis O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
One of the quadriceps femoris muscles
O: linea aspera
I: patella

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26
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Part of anterior compartment
One of the quadriceps femoris muscles
O: body of femur
I: patella

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27
Q

Characteristics of articularis genu

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: Anterior part of femur
I: synovial membrane of knee

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28
Q

Characteristics of iliopsoas

A 
Part of anterior compartment 
I: trochanter 
2 muscles grouped together 
1. Psoas major 
2. Iliacus
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29
Q

Psoas major O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: lumbar vertebra
I: lesser trochanter of femur

30
Q

Iliacus O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: iliac crest and iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter of femur

31
Q

Tensor fascia latae O and I

A

Part of anterior compartment
O: ASIS
I: iliotibial tract

32
Q

What nerve innervates all but one muscle in the medial compartment?

A

obturator nerve minus the hamstring part of the adductor magnus which is supplied by the tibial nerve

33
Q

Characteristics of pectinus muscle

A

Part of medial compartment
O: superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
Innervated by the femoral and obturator nerve

34
Q

Adductor longus O and I

A

Part of medial compartment
O: body of pubic bone
I: linea aspera

35
Q

Adductor brevis O and I

A

Part of medial compartment
O: inferior ramus of pubic bone
I: Linea aspera

36
Q

Characteristics of adductor magnus muscle

A 
Part of medial compartment 
Made up of 2 parts:
1. Adductor part 
2. Hamstring part 
Contains an adductor hiatus to allow vessels to get to the back of the knee joint
37
Q

Adductor part of adductor magnus O and I

A

O: ischiopubic ramus
I: linea aspera
brings thighs together
supplied by obturator nerve

38
Q

Hamstring part of adductor magnus O and I

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle of femur
supplied by tibial nerve

39
Q

Characteristics of Gracilis muscle

A

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia
Part of pes anserinus

40
Q

Obturator externus O and I

A

O: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur

41
Q

What nerve innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment?

A

Tibial nerve except the short head to biceps femoris

42
Q

What makes up the posterior compartment?

A

hamstring muscles

43
Q

What is the action of the posterior compartment muscles?

A
  1. Extend the hip

2. Flex the knee

44
Q

Where do all of the muscles in the posterior compartment originate?

A

ischial tuberosity

45
Q

Characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle

A

Has 2 heads

  1. Long- follows all the norms for the posterior compartment
  2. short- different from the norms
46
Q

Short head of the biceps femoris muscles O and I

A

O: Linea aspera
I: Fibular head
N: common peroneal nerve
Not considered a muscle

47
Q

Semitendinosus O and I

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of upper tibia

48
Q

Semimembranosus O and I

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibial condyle

49
Q

Where is the femoral triangle located?

A

triangular space in proximal part of anterior compartment

50
Q

Boundaries of femoral triangle

A
  1. Superiorly - inguinal ligament
  2. Medial - medial border of adductor longus
  3. Laterally- medial border of sartorius
51
Q

What does the femoral sheath cover?

A

Laterally- femoral artery
Intermediate- femoral vein
Medial- femoral canal filled with connective tissue and lymphatic vessels

52
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Femoral artery and its branches
  2. Femoral vein and its tributaries
  3. Femoral nerve and its branches
  4. Lymphatic vessels and nodes
53
Q

Adductor canal contents

A
  1. Femoral artery and vein
  2. Saphenous nerve
  3. nerve to vastus medialis
54
Q

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

Anteromedial- sartorius
Lateral- vastus medialis
Posterior- adductor longus and magnus

55
Q

2 main nerves of the thigh

A
  1. Femoral nerve - L2-L4

2. Obturator nerve- anterior and posterior division

56
Q

Femoral nerve sensory branches

A
  1. Medial femoral cutaneous nerve
  2. Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve
  3. nerve to vastus medialis
  4. Saphenous nerve
57
Q

Characteristics of saphenous nerve

A
  • travels through adductor canal

- leaves the canal at the lower end to innervate the skin of the leg and foot

58
Q

Femoral nerve motor branches go to which muscles in the thigh?

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Quadriceps femoris
  3. Articularis genu
  4. Pectineus
59
Q

Characteristics of the femoral nerve

A
  1. Largest branch of the lumbar plexus
  2. Travels deep to inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle
  3. Not inside the femoral sheath when is branches into sensory and motor but still inside the triangle
60
Q

What does the anterior division of the obturator nerve innervate?

A

muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Located between the adductor longus and adductor brevis

61
Q

What does the posterior division of the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

Located behind adductor longus and adductor brevis

62
Q

What are the 2 main arteries that supply the thigh?

A
  1. Femoral artery- many branches

2. Obturator artery

63
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

External iliac artery

64
Q

What branch of the femoral artery goes to the back of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris

  • largest branch
  • gives off 4 perforating branches to supply the hamstring muscles
65
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery in the thigh?

A
  1. Profunda femoris
  2. Lateral and medial femoral circumflex
  3. Muscular branches
  4. Descending genicular
  5. Popliteal- where it ends
66
Q

What are the 4 cruciate anastomsis?

A
  1. 1st perforating artery
  2. Medial femoral circumflex artery
  3. Lateral femoral circumflex artery
  4. Inferior gluteal artery
67
Q

Obturator artery

A
  1. Branch from internal iliac artery

2. Blood supply to medial thigh

68
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

-Fat filled diamond space on back of knee

69
Q

What structure allows vessels back to the popliteal fossa?

A

adductor hiatus

70
Q

What vessels are on the back of the knee?

A

Popliteal artery and vein
Was the femoral artery and vein
Gives of the genicular artery branches

71
Q

Characteristics of the popliteal fossa?

A
  1. Where the sciatic nerve splits into common peroneal and tibial nerve
  2. Popliteal lymph nodes
  3. Termination of small spahenous vein- drains into popliteal vein
72
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A
  1. inferomedial and inferolateral- gastrocnemius muscle
  2. Superolateral- biceps femoris
  3. Superomedial- semimembranosus tendon
  4. Floor- popliteal surface of femur and posterior knee ligaments

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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