the oral cavity Flashcards
what is the frenulum of the upper lip?
a fold of connective tissue that attaches to the upper lip
apart from the upper lip where is the other frenulum?
under the tongue
what are the tissue folds either side of the uvula?
arches
what are the anterior folds?
the palatoglossal arches
what are the posterior folds?
the palatopharyngeal arches
what is found between the folds?
a collection of lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsils
what forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?
buccinator
what muscle forms the diaphragm of the floor of the mouth?
mylohyoid
what are the three muscles attaching to the mandible?
mylohyoid
geniohypid
genioglossus
where on the mandible does mylohyoid attach?
on the mylohyoid line of the mandible
where on the mandible does geniohyoid attach?
on the inferior genie tubercle of the mandible
where on the mandible does genioglossus attach?
to the superior genio tubercle of the mandible
what nerve innervates the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid?
the facial nerve
what nerve innervates the anterior belly of digastric and mylophyoid?
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
what nerve innervates geniohyoid?
C1 nerves carried in the hypioglossal nerve
where does the sublingual gland lie?
entirely on the floor of the mouth, under the tongue
where does the duct of the parotid gland open?
at the upper second molar at each side
where does the duct of the submandibular gland open?
between the first and second incisors either side of thhe frenulum on the floor of the mouth (one on each side)
where do the many small ducts of the sublingual gland open?
directly onto the floor of the mouth
where does the submandibular gland receive parasympathetic secretomotor innervation from?
the facial nerve
where does the parotid gland receive parasympathetic secretomotor innervation from?
the glossopharyngeal nerve
what is the function of the lingual nerve?
supplies sensory innervation to the anterior two third of the tongue and carries taste and parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve
where does the lingual branch arise from?
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
what is the main motor supply to the tongue musculature?
the hypoglossal nerve
why is the surface of the tongue roughened?
roughened by many small papillae many of which are taste buds
what are the large papillae that form a line two thirds of the way along the tongue?
the vallate papillae
where is the lingual tonsil?
embedded into the posterior third of the tongue
what guards the entrance to the oropharynx?
the lingual and palatine tonsil
what protect the nasopharynx?
nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoidal tonsil
where does the anterior two thirds of the tongue receive general sensation from?
from the lingual nerve (from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)
explain special sense of taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue
special sense of taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue is carried w/in the lingual nerve but the fibres originate from the facial nerve
where does general sensory and special sense of taste to the posterior third of the tongue come from?
the glossopharyngeal nerve
what are the two sets of muscles that can move the tongue?
the intrinsic muscles
the extrinsic muscles
where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue lie?
entirely w/in the tongue
what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
act to change the shape of the tongue to help mould the shape of the food into the bolus
what nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
the hypoglossal nerve
what is the primary motor supply to the tongue and why?
the hypoglossal nerve because it innervates all of the intrinsic muscles and most of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
move the tongue around the oral cavity
where do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from?
structures out w/ the tongue such as the hyoid bone, styloid process and the mandible and they then insert onto the tongue
what nerve innervates most of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
the hypoglossal nerve
which extrinsic muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
palatoglossus
which nerve innervates palatoglossus?
the vagus nerve
what artery supplies the tongue?
the lingual artery
explain the venous drainage of the tongue
the tongue drains blood mainly into the lingual vein which communicates w/ the internal jugular vein
where does the lingual nerve descend to the tongue from?
the infratemporal fossa
where does lymph from the tip of the tongue drain to?
submental nodes
where does lymph from the lateral edges of the tongue drain to?
submandibular nodes
where does lymph from the posterior parts of the tongue drain to?
deep cervical nodes
what forms the roof of the oral cavity?
the hard and soft plalates
explain the composition of the hard palate
the hard palate is mainly composed of the palatine parts of the maxilla but there are 2 palatine bones that complete the posterior part of the hard palate
what supplies the palate?
the greater palatine vessels and nerves
where does the greater palatine artery arise from?
it arises in the pteropalatine fossa as a branch of the third part of the maxillary artery
where do the greater palatine nerves arise from?
they are branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
where do the lesser palatine nerves and vessels arise from?
the grater palatine nerves and vessels
where do the lesser palatine nerves and vessels supply?
they pass posteriorly to supply the soft palate
explain the features of the soft palate
the soft palate has a muscular core covered in mucus lining
it hangs from the hard palate and the uvula hangs down between the arches at the posterior part of the oral cavity
where does the uvula arise from?
the uvula is an extension of the soft palate
what is the function of the palatine aponeurosis?
it is tough connective tissue that helps to strengthen the soft palate and provide a site for muscle attachment
where does the palatine aponeurosis attach to?
the hard palate
how many muscles move the soft palate?
5
what do the muscles that move the soft palate move it in response to?
food or fluid in the oral cavity
which nerve elicits the gag reflex?
the glossopharyngeal nerve
