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head and neck spot test > the oral cavity > Flashcards

the oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the frenulum of the upper lip?

A

a fold of connective tissue that attaches to the upper lip

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2
Q

apart from the upper lip where is the other frenulum?

A

under the tongue

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3
Q

what are the tissue folds either side of the uvula?

A

arches

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4
Q

what are the anterior folds?

A

the palatoglossal arches

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5
Q

what are the posterior folds?

A

the palatopharyngeal arches

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6
Q

what is found between the folds?

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsils

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7
Q

what forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

buccinator

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8
Q

what muscle forms the diaphragm of the floor of the mouth?

A

mylohyoid

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9
Q

what are the three muscles attaching to the mandible?

A

mylohyoid
geniohypid
genioglossus

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10
Q

where on the mandible does mylohyoid attach?

A

on the mylohyoid line of the mandible

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11
Q

where on the mandible does geniohyoid attach?

A

on the inferior genie tubercle of the mandible

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12
Q

where on the mandible does genioglossus attach?

A

to the superior genio tubercle of the mandible

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13
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid?

A

the facial nerve

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14
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior belly of digastric and mylophyoid?

A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

what nerve innervates geniohyoid?

A

C1 nerves carried in the hypioglossal nerve

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16
Q

where does the sublingual gland lie?

A

entirely on the floor of the mouth, under the tongue

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17
Q

where does the duct of the parotid gland open?

A

at the upper second molar at each side

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18
Q

where does the duct of the submandibular gland open?

A

between the first and second incisors either side of thhe frenulum on the floor of the mouth (one on each side)

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19
Q

where do the many small ducts of the sublingual gland open?

A

directly onto the floor of the mouth

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20
Q

where does the submandibular gland receive parasympathetic secretomotor innervation from?

A

the facial nerve

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21
Q

where does the parotid gland receive parasympathetic secretomotor innervation from?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

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22
Q

what is the function of the lingual nerve?

A

supplies sensory innervation to the anterior two third of the tongue and carries taste and parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve

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23
Q

where does the lingual branch arise from?

A

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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24
Q

what is the main motor supply to the tongue musculature?

A

the hypoglossal nerve

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25
Q

why is the surface of the tongue roughened?

A

roughened by many small papillae many of which are taste buds

26
Q

what are the large papillae that form a line two thirds of the way along the tongue?

A

the vallate papillae

27
Q

where is the lingual tonsil?

A

embedded into the posterior third of the tongue

28
Q

what guards the entrance to the oropharynx?

A

the lingual and palatine tonsil

29
Q

what protect the nasopharynx?

A

nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoidal tonsil

30
Q

where does the anterior two thirds of the tongue receive general sensation from?

A

from the lingual nerve (from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)

31
Q

explain special sense of taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue

A

special sense of taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue is carried w/in the lingual nerve but the fibres originate from the facial nerve

32
Q

where does general sensory and special sense of taste to the posterior third of the tongue come from?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

33
Q

what are the two sets of muscles that can move the tongue?

A

the intrinsic muscles
the extrinsic muscles

34
Q

where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue lie?

A

entirely w/in the tongue

35
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

act to change the shape of the tongue to help mould the shape of the food into the bolus

36
Q

what nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

the hypoglossal nerve

37
Q

what is the primary motor supply to the tongue and why?

A

the hypoglossal nerve because it innervates all of the intrinsic muscles and most of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

38
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

move the tongue around the oral cavity

39
Q

where do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from?

A

structures out w/ the tongue such as the hyoid bone, styloid process and the mandible and they then insert onto the tongue

40
Q

what nerve innervates most of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

the hypoglossal nerve

41
Q

which extrinsic muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

A

palatoglossus

42
Q

which nerve innervates palatoglossus?

A

the vagus nerve

43
Q

what artery supplies the tongue?

A

the lingual artery

44
Q

explain the venous drainage of the tongue

A

the tongue drains blood mainly into the lingual vein which communicates w/ the internal jugular vein

45
Q

where does the lingual nerve descend to the tongue from?

A

the infratemporal fossa

46
Q

where does lymph from the tip of the tongue drain to?

A

submental nodes

47
Q

where does lymph from the lateral edges of the tongue drain to?

A

submandibular nodes

48
Q

where does lymph from the posterior parts of the tongue drain to?

A

deep cervical nodes

49
Q

what forms the roof of the oral cavity?

A

the hard and soft plalates

50
Q

explain the composition of the hard palate

A

the hard palate is mainly composed of the palatine parts of the maxilla but there are 2 palatine bones that complete the posterior part of the hard palate

51
Q

what supplies the palate?

A

the greater palatine vessels and nerves

52
Q

where does the greater palatine artery arise from?

A

it arises in the pteropalatine fossa as a branch of the third part of the maxillary artery

53
Q

where do the greater palatine nerves arise from?

A

they are branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

54
Q

where do the lesser palatine nerves and vessels arise from?

A

the grater palatine nerves and vessels

55
Q

where do the lesser palatine nerves and vessels supply?

A

they pass posteriorly to supply the soft palate

56
Q

explain the features of the soft palate

A

the soft palate has a muscular core covered in mucus lining

it hangs from the hard palate and the uvula hangs down between the arches at the posterior part of the oral cavity

57
Q

where does the uvula arise from?

A

the uvula is an extension of the soft palate

58
Q

what is the function of the palatine aponeurosis?

A

it is tough connective tissue that helps to strengthen the soft palate and provide a site for muscle attachment

59
Q

where does the palatine aponeurosis attach to?

A

the hard palate

60
Q

how many muscles move the soft palate?

A

5

61
Q

what do the muscles that move the soft palate move it in response to?

A

food or fluid in the oral cavity

62
Q

which nerve elicits the gag reflex?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

head and neck spot test (18 decks)

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