face and scalp Flashcards

1
Q

where does the thickened fascia of the parotid gland arise from?

A

it is an extension of the deep fascia

the layer of deep cervical fascia covers the masseter and inserts into the parotid gland

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2
Q

describe the composition of fronto-occipitalis

A

there are two bellys:
- frontalis
- occipitalis

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3
Q

what is the innervation common to all muscles of facial expression?

A

the facial nerve

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4
Q

what is the function of platysma?

A

tightens the skin on the neck and contributes to facial expression

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5
Q

what nerve innervates platysma?

A

the facial nerve

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6
Q

what is the function of buccinator?

A

prevent food from collecting between the teeth and the cheek

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7
Q

what is the function of obicularis oculi?

A

it forms a circle around the eye and acts to close the eye

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8
Q

what is the function of orbicularis oris?

A

it forms a circle around the mouth and acts to close the mouth

is a more complex sphincter than obicualris oculi

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9
Q

what is the function of zygomaticus?

A

acts to raise the corners of the mouth

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10
Q

what is the function of levator labii?

A

acts to elevate the lips

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11
Q

what is the function of levator angulii superioris?

A

acts to elevate the corners of the mouth

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12
Q

what is the function of depressor labii?

A

acts to pull down the lips

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13
Q

what is the function of depressor anguli oris?

A

acts to pull down the corners of the mouth

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14
Q

what is the function of mentalis?

A

it is a small muscle that helps pull down the lower lip

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15
Q

where does risorius arise from and what is its function?

A

arises from the fascia above the carotid and attaches to the corner of the mouth and is used to make a happy smiling impression

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16
Q

what is the function of levator labii superiors alaeque?

A

it is a small muscle that helps to move the skin of the nasal area

17
Q

what is the function of the facial nerve?

A

innervates the muscles of facial expression and so is motor supply to the face

18
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

supplies sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation to temporalis and masseter

19
Q

how does the facial nerve emerge onto the face?

A

passes through the parotid gland

20
Q

where does the facial artery arise from?

A

the third anterior branch of the external carotid artery

21
Q

explain the course of the facial artery

A

it crosses the anterior surface of the mandible and forms branches that supply the face

it is torturous in shape and forms many bends as it crosses the face

22
Q

explain the arterial supply to the forehead

A

the supratrochlear and supraorbital branches derived from branches of the internal carotid artery supply the forehead

23
Q

explain the venous drainage of the face

A

the face is drained by the facial vein which drains into the internal jugular vein

24
Q

what plexus does the facial vein communicate w/?

A

the pterygoid venous plexus that lies inside the infratemoporal fossa

25
what are the layers of the scalp from external to internal?
external: S - skin C - connective tissue A - aponeurosis (between frontalis and occipitais) L - loose areolar connective tissue P - periosteum (pericardium)
26
how can the facial vein be differentiated from the facial artery?
the facial vein is much less torturous
27
explain the arterial supply to the anterior part of the scalp
supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries are derived from branches of the internal carotid artery and supply the anterior part of the scalp
28
describe the arterial supply to the rest of the scalp (not the anterior part)
the rest of the scalp is supplied by posterior branches of the external carotid artery and the superficial temporal artery which is a terminal branch of the external carotid
29
how do the veins of the scalp communicate w/ the sagittal dural venous sinus inside the skull?
via emissary veins
30
describe the potential route for infection to spread from superficial structures to the meninges
the emissary veins pass through the skull to the sagittal dural venous sinus
31
which nerve innervates the superior, anterior and lateral surfaces of the scalp?
branches of the trigeminal nerve
32
describe the innervation of behind the auricle and posterior surface of the head
behind the auricle and the posterior surface of the head are innervated by local nerves derived from C2 an C3 nerve roots
33
what nerve supplies sensory innervation to the face?
the trigeminal nerve
34
how does the supraorbital nerve reach the forehead?
exits the skull at the supraorbital notch
35
how does the infraorbital nerve reach the lateral sides of the nose and lip?
it leaves the skull at the infraorbital foramen
36
how does the inferior alveolar nerve end?
ends as it passes through the mental foramen to form the mental nerve that passes onto the side of the mandible
37
why is there no C1 dermatome?
because it is replaced by the divisions of the trigeminal nerve
38
where do the C2 and C3 dermatomes cover?
C2 - posterior part of the head C3 - much of the neck
39
ultimately where does lymph from the face and scalp drain into?
deep cervical nodes which lie close to the internal jugular vein