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head and neck spot test > sub occipital region > Flashcards

sub occipital region Flashcards

1
Q

which 2 nerves supply cutaneous sensory innervation to the skin of the suboccipital region?

A

the greater and lesser occipital nerves

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2
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial suboccipital region?

A

trapezius
part of levator scapulae
the proximal part of SCM

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3
Q

what are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the suboccipital region?

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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4
Q

where does splenius capitis run from / to?

A

for the nuchal ligament and C3-C7 spinous process to the occipital bone

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5
Q

where does splenius crevicis run from / to?

A

from T3-T6 sopinous processes to C1-C2 transverse processes

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6
Q

what is the innervation of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis?

A

both innervated by the posterior rami of C1-C6

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7
Q

what are the functions of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis?

A

bilateral = extend the head and neck
unilateral = flex and rotate to the same side

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8
Q

what muscle group lies beneath splenius capitis and splenius cervicis?

A

erector spinae

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9
Q

what are the 4 muscles that attach to the mastoid process?

A

SCM
the posterior belly of digastric
splenius capitis
longissimus capitis

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10
Q

where do the suboccipital muscles lie?

A

deep between C1-C2 and the occipital bone

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11
Q

what is the collective function of the suboccipital muscles?

A

extend the head (tilt it backwards)

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12
Q

what nerve innervates the suboccipital muscles?

A

the suboccipital nerve (one on either side)

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13
Q

where does the suboccipital nerve originate from?

A

the posterior ramus of C1

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14
Q

what are the muscles of the suboccipital region?

A

rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis inferior
obliquus capitis superior

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15
Q

where does rectus capitis posterior major attach?

A

to C2 spinous process inferior to the nuchal line

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16
Q

where does rectus capitis posterior minor attach?

A

to C1 posterior tubercle inferior to the nuchal line

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17
Q

where to the obliquus capitis muscles lie in relation to the rectus capitis muscles?

A

the sit lateral to the rectus capitis muscles

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18
Q

which of the obliquus capitis muscles are larger?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

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19
Q

where does obliquus capiits inferior pass between?

A

C1 and C2

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20
Q

where in reaction to obliquus capiits inferior does obliquus capitis superior lie?

A

more laterally

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21
Q

what is the function of both of the obliquus capitis muscles?

A

both of them: extends the head
one of them: rotates the head to the same side

22
Q

what nerve innervates obliquus capiits muscles?

A

the suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

23
Q

why is the there no C1 dermatome?

A

because the suboccipital nerve (C1) has only motor fibres

24
Q

what is the innervation to the skin and muscles of the neck?

A

the dorsal ramus of C3

25
Q

what is the arterial supply to the suboccipital region?

A

supplied by the suboccipital artery

26
Q

which 2 arteries form the subclavian artery?

A

the descending branch from the suboccipital artery and the deep cervical artery

27
Q

where do the vertebral arteries lie?

A

in the suboccipital triangle bound by both obliquus caopitis muscles and rectus capitis posterior major

28
Q

where do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

the subclavian artery

29
Q

how is the basilar artery formed?

A

the two vertebral arteries (one from either side) unite to form the basilar artery

30
Q

what is the course of the vertebral arteries?

A

the ascend the neck and then enter the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum

31
Q

where does the basilar artery supply?

A

it contributes to the posterior part of the circle of wills that supplies the brain

32
Q

explain the venous drainage of the suboccipital region

A

the occipital veins drain the suboccipital region into the deep cervical vein

33
Q

which 2 veins do the deep cervical veins communicate w/?

A

the vertebral veins and the brachiocephalic vein

34
Q

what structure does the occipital vein run w/?

A

the suboccipital nerve

35
Q

what is the posterior vertebral venous plexus?

A

many small veins communicating w/ each other

36
Q

what vein does the posterior vertebral venous plexus join and how does it do this?

A

it joins the brachiocephalic vein via the deep cervical vein

37
Q

what are the 2 movements that occur are the base of the head and the top of the cervical region?

A

head shaking
head nodding

38
Q

describe how head nodding occurs

A

occurs between the atlas (C1) and the occipital condyles of the skull

39
Q

describe how head sharking occurs

A

rotation between the arch of the atlas (C1) and the dens of the axis (C2)

40
Q

what are the ligaments that stabilise the head on C1 and support the atlantoaxial joint?

A

the cruciate ligament
the alar ligament
the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

41
Q

what is the cruciate ligament?

A

the transverse ligament of the atlas combined w/ superior and inferior longitudinal bands that collectively form a cross shape between the axis and the occipital bone

42
Q

where does the alar ligament pass from / to?

A

from the dens of the axis to the medial sides of the occipital condyles

43
Q

where does the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

A

the occipital bone

44
Q

where does the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

A

the posterior longitudinal ligament becomes the tectorial membrane that also attaches to the occipital bone

45
Q

what are the 3 movements possible between the atlas (C1) and the occipital coondyles at the base of the skull?

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion

46
Q

what is the one movement that is possible between the atlas and axis?

A

movement from left to right

47
Q

why is C1 (atlas) not a typical vertebrae?

A

because it does not have a vertebral body (has an anterior arch instead) and does not have spinous process (has lateral masses instead)

48
Q

why is C2 (axis) not a typical vertebrae?

A

because it has a bony projection called the dens / odontoid process that articulates w/ the atlas and also has large spinous process

49
Q

why is C7 (vertebrae prominens) not a typical vertebrae?

A

because it has a large monofid spinous process

50
Q

what are the 4 movements of the cervical spine?

A

flexion
extension
lateral bending
rotation

head and neck spot test (18 decks)

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