the larynx

Question 1

where does the larynx lie

Answer 1

underneath the strap muscles of the neck

Question 2

where does the majority of the thyroid gland sit?

Answer 2

inferior to the larynx

Question 3

what is the function of the larynx?

Answer 3

it is involved in phonation and so speech

Question 4

how do the hyaline cartilages of the larynx articulate w/ each other?

Answer 4

via small plane synovial joins

Question 5

what is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 5

the thyroid cartilage

Question 6

what forms the laryngeal prominence (Adams apple) ?

Answer 6

the thyroid cartilage

Question 7

how is the thyroid cartilage attached to the hyoid bone?

Answer 7

via the thryohyoid membrane

Question 8

what does the thyroid cartilage articulate w/ inferiorly?

Answer 8

the cricoid cartilage

Question 9

what does the cricoid cartilage articulate w/?

Answer 9

the thyroid cartilage superiorly
the arytenoid cartilages inferiorly

Question 10

where does the trachea sit in relation to the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 10

the trachea sits inferior to the cricoid cartilage

Question 11

how is the trachea attached to the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 11

by the cricotracheal ligament

Question 12

what do the arytenoid cartilages articulate w/?

Answer 12

the cricoid cartilage

Question 13

how do the arytenoid cartilages move the vocal folds?

Answer 13

they swivel on the surface of the cricoid to move the vocal folds

Question 14

how many arytenoid carriages are there?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

which muscles act to move the vocal folds and where do they attach?

Answer 15

the posterior and lateral cricothryoid muscles act to move the vocal folds

they attach on the muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 16

what are the vocal processes of the arytenoid carriages for?

Answer 16

attachment of the vocal folds

Question 17

what are the cornicualte and cuneiform cartilages?

Answer 17

tiny pieces of cartilage that attach to and support he ayrepiglottic folds between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

Question 18

where does the epiglottis lie?

Answer 18

over the opening of the larynx

Question 19

how does the epiglottis communicate w/ the larynx?

Answer 19

via the aryepiglottic folds

Question 20

what is the epiglottis formed of?

Answer 20

elastic cartilage

Question 21

how does the epiglottis bend over the larynx?

Answer 21

passively - there are no muscles that move the epiglottis

Question 22

what is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 22

protect the opening of the airway but does not completely seal the top of the larynx during swallowing

Question 23

where does the quadrangular ligament of the larynx pass between?

Answer 23

between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

Question 24

what is the false / vestibular vocal cord?

Answer 24

the quadrangular ligament folds over itself to form a thickened free edge

Question 25

what is the true vocal cord formed from?

Answer 25

a membrane passing between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages and the upper border of this membrane folds to form a thickened edge called the vocal ligament - this is the vocal cord

Question 26

what forms the false vocal cord?

Answer 26

the lower free edge of the quadrangular ligament

Question 27

what forms the aryepiglottic fold?

Answer 27

the upper border of the quadrangular ligament

Question 28

what is the function of the false / vestibular vocal cord?

Answer 28

protect the true vocal cord beneath it

Question 29

what is the rims glottidis?

Answer 29

the most posterior space between the vocal cords

Question 30

where do the true and false vocal cords lie in relation to each other?

Answer 30

the false vocal cord is mot superior and the true vocal cord is inferior

Question 31

what are the 2 types of muscles of the larynx?

Answer 31

extrinsic intrinsic

Question 32

what is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 32

move the entire larynx as a unit

Question 33

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 33

move small components of the larynx

Question 34

what are the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 34

oblique arytenoid cricothryoid thyroarytenoid lateral cricoarytenoid posterior cricoarytenoid transverse arytenoid

Question 35

what nerve innervates all of the muscles of the larynx except for cricothryoid?

Answer 35

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 36

what nerve innervates cricothryoid?

Answer 36

external laryngeal nerve

Question 37

what is the function of oblique arytenoid?

Answer 37

pulls the arytenoid cartilages closer together narrowing the gap between the folds

Question 38

what is the function of cricothryoid?

Answer 38

tense and elongate the vocal ligaments

Question 39

what is the function of thryoarytenoid?

Answer 39

relax and shorten the vocal ligaments

Question 40

what is the function of lateral cricoarytenoid?

Answer 40

adduct vocal fold

Question 41

what is the function of posterior cricoarytenoid?

Answer 41

abduct vocal fold

Question 42

what is the function of transverse arytenoid?

Answer 42

close rima glottis

Question 43

where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve arise from?

Answer 43

the vagus nerve

Question 44

explain the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 44

it arises from the vagus nerve in the thorax and wraps around either the subclavian artery on the right or the arch of the aorta on the left and then ascends the neck between the trachea and the oesophagus before passing under the inferior constrictor of the pharynx to reach the larynx

Question 45

where do the arteries that supply the larynx arise from?

Answer 45

from the thyroid arteries

Question 46

where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 46

from the external carotid

Question 47

where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 47

from the subclavian

Question 48

explain the venous drainage of the larynx

Answer 48

veins drain into the superior and inferior thryoid veins

Question 49

where do the superior thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 49

the internal jugular veins on either side

Question 50

where do the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 50

both drain into the left brachiocephalic vein

Question 51

explain the lymphatic drainage of the larynx

Answer 51

lymphatic drainage of the larynx is to local paratracheal nodes and to the deep cervical nodes