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Neuroscience > The Neural Code > Flashcards

The Neural Code Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neural code?

A

How neurones get signal where information is encoded for communication

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2
Q

What are local brain networks?

A

Small generic processing units

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3
Q

What are global brain networks?

A

Relating in processes in unit dedicated to specific brain regions

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4
Q

How is encoding in the brain important?

A

For extraction of categories and finding the identity of objects and our environment

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5
Q

How do we identify objects?

A

With filtering to identify properties

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6
Q

How do we classify an object?

A

Measuring the amount with intensity and frequency

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7
Q

How do we adjust the precision of object classification?

A

Fine tunnign

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8
Q

What is a managing capacity?

A

Compression of information into small compartments for high effectiveness

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9
Q

How can a neural response be measured?

A

As a graded change in electrical potential and a change in membrane voltage which can determine excitation or inhibition

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10
Q

What is a neural response?

A

Encoding in the number of action potentials

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11
Q

What is the rate code?

A

The quantity of seconds information is encoded in the firing rate of action potentials

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12
Q

How can neurones compute?

A

Through summation, direct representation of each sampling point or lateral inhibition

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13
Q

What is direct representation of each sampling point?

A

One to one, where the size is not coded and there is low sensitivity but a high resolution

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14
Q

What is summation?

A

The neural computation that results in adding together the responses of neurons (many to one)

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15
Q

How do neurones interact in summation?

A

Through convergence

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16
Q

What is convergence?

A

A graded response where the information from other sensors are combined

17
Q

What is lateral inhibition?

A

A neural computation in which responses from neighbouring regions are subtracted

18
Q

What does the graded response in lateral inhibition cause?

A

An optimum size for maximum activation

19
Q

What is a receptive field?

A

The location in space where the presence of a stimulus can produce a change in the response of a neurone

20
Q

What is a visual receptive field?

A

The location in space where the presence of a visual stimulus can produce a change in the response of a neurone

21
Q

What is a two dimensional receptive field?

A

When there is neural computation in two dimensions, in a receptive field light is collected from a restricted region of the visual field

22
Q

What is the response in 2D receptive fields?

A

The balancing of excitation from the centre and inhibition from the surrond receptive field

23
Q

What is spatial integration?

A

The adding of excitation and inhibition

24
Q

Why is there opponency in spatial integration?

A

There are photons from neighbouring regions which are balanced against each other

25
Q

What does contrast mean?

A

A relative difference in stimulus intensity between a bright and dark region of a visual stimulus

26
Q

What happens in regions of equal luminance?

A

Excitation and inhibition will cancel each other out

27
Q

What occurs at a luminance boundary?

A

Excitation and inhibition is not balanced so there is an increased difference of the perceived brightness where opponency will enhance the perceived contrast

28
Q

What is filtering?

A

The process in which signals are transmitted from regions around boundaries, but not from uniform areasW

29
Q

What do the filters do in neural networks?

A

Transform and compress information

30
Q

What are receptive fields functions?

A

Contrast enhancement, redundancy reduction and spatial filtering

31
Q

Small excitations and small inhibition?

A

Small response

32
Q

Large excitation and small inhibition?

A

Large response

33
Q

Large excitation and large inhibition?

A

Small response

34
Q

What does the size of the receptive field determine?

A

Spatial detail

35
Q

What is spatial frequency?

A

The number of cycles of a periodic pattern per degree of visual angle

36
Q

What are spatial frequency channels?

A

Parallel sets of receptive fields with different sizes

37
Q

How is feature specificity generated?

A

Parallel and hierarchial computations

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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