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Neuroscience > Multisensory Integration > Flashcards

Multisensory Integration Flashcards

1
Q

What is multisensory integration?

A

Neural processes that are involved in synthesizing information from cross-modal stimulus combination in relation to the component stimuli

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2
Q

How is multisensory integration assessed?

A

Considering the effectiveness of the cross modal stimulus combination

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3
Q

What is cross-modal stimuli?

A

Stimuli from two or more sensory modalities or an event providing such stimuli

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4
Q

What is an optimal stimulus?

A

A stimulus to generate a response from a neurone

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5
Q

What does the stimulus cause?

A

An action potential and depolarisation of the neurone

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6
Q

What is sensory bombarding?

A

When there is a combination of different senses through MSI

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7
Q

What does MSI provide when there is sensory bombarding?

A

A unified representation of the object, environment and our body

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8
Q

What are the basic principles from MSI?

A

When info from different senses occur close in space and time they are more likely to arise from the same object
There is a spatial and temporal window

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9
Q

What is the temporal factor in MSI?

A

MSI is likely to occur the closer that the stimuli in the different modalities are present

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10
Q

What is the spatial factor in MSI?

A

Spatial coincidence facilitates MSI

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11
Q

What is MSI defined operationally?

A

A statistically significant difference between the number of impulses evoled by cross modal combinations of stimulus and the number evoked by the most effective of these stimulus individually

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12
Q

How does MSI work?

A

Through unimodal and bimodal neurones?

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13
Q

How do unimodal neurones work?

A

Responds to one stimulus but there is no response to from another so they do not influence each other

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14
Q

How do bimodal neurones work?

A

Responds to two stimulus it is likely that there is influence

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15
Q

What did Hartmann (1935) find?

A

Improvement of visual acuity by auditory stimuli in people with brain damage

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16
Q

What did Gonzalo (1945) find?

A

Multisensory syndrome in patients with parieto-occipital cortical lesions

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17
Q

Who looked at the behavioural benefits of MSI?

A

Stein et al, 1989

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18
Q

What did Stein et al, 1989, do?

A

Trained cats to go towards the visual stimulus or the auditory stimulus

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19
Q

What did Stein et al, 1989, find?

A

Performance of the cats was enhanced with crossmodal stimulation

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20
Q

Where is the superior colliculus located?

A

In the midbrain, superior to the brainstem and inferior to the thalamus

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21
Q

What is the structure of the superior collliculus?

A

7 layefs of alternating grey and white matter. High quantity of MS neurones

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22
Q

What is the role of the superior colliculus?

A

Motor control, orientation behaviours of the eyes, ears and head

23
Q

What is a consequence of superior colliculus disruption?

A

Disturbances in visual attention, disturbances in orientation behaviours, loss of the ability to respond appropriately to contralateral touch and auditory stimuli

24
Q

What are the three key behaviour functions of the superior colliculus?

A

Integrating sensory modalities, sensorimotor transduction, remapping

25
Q

How does integrating sensory modalities work?

A

Association of the sensory inputs to redirect the organs and where the input originates from and also localising the source of the stimulus

26
Q

How does sensorimotor transduction work?

A

Transforms incoming sensory input into motor actions and intermixes sensory inputs and motor circuits

27
Q

How does remapping work?

A

Alignment of different sensory motor maps (receptive fields and movement fields in register) and with the use of multisensory neurones

28
Q

How are visual coordinates based?

A

On the layout of the retina

29
Q

How are somatosensory coordinates arranged?

A

The skin surface

30
Q

What are the different amounts of the cortex dedicated to according to the somatosensory map?

A

Processing touch input from parts of the body

31
Q

What is the principle of multisensory integration in superior colliculus neurones when the cues are weak?

A

The neural computation involved is superadditive so the response will exceed the more vigorious component response and sum

32
Q

What is the principle of multisensory integration in superior colliculus neurones when the cues are stronger?

A

The cues are more effective, the unisensory component responses more vigorously and the integrated responses are small. The computation responses are additive.

33
Q

What is the principle of multisensory integration in superior colliculus neurones when the enhancements become smaller?

A

Both additive and subadditive computation produces responses exceeding the most vigorous component

34
Q

What does superadditive, additive and subadditive refer to?

A

The multisensory integration’s relative magnitude

35
Q

What are the 4 principles in multisensory integration?

A

Multisensory enhancement, spatial congruency, temporal congruency, inverse effectiveness

36
Q

What is multisensory enhancement?

A

A situation where the response to the cross-modal response is most effective of its component stimuli

37
Q

What do large enhancements due to in multisensory enhancement?

A

The superadditive combinations of cross-modal influences

38
Q

What has to be linked when integration of the different sensory stimuli occurs?

A

Space and time

39
Q

What receptive fields do multisensory neurones have?

A

Multiple excitatory neurones for each modality that it responds to

40
Q

What register is receptive fields in?

A

Spatial

41
Q

What does the location of the event determine?

A

Whether the neurone is activated

42
Q

What is the magnitude of integrated responses sensitive to in temporal congruency?

A

Temporal overlap

43
Q

When can integration take place in despite of?

A

The different response latencies, conduction speeds and onset of visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli

44
Q

What does inverse effectiveness refer to?

A

How multisensory enhancement is inversely related to the effectiveness of the individual cues that are combined

45
Q

What do weak cues evokes?

A

Few neural impulses where their responses are subject to substantial enhancement when the stimuli are combined

46
Q

What happens to individual cues that are highly salient?

A

They are easily detected and localised so there is less need to be integrated

47
Q

What is a sensory illusion?

A

Illusions based on the assumptions that detecting something by different senses at the same time means they have been caused by the same event

48
Q

What occurs during audition + vision illusions?

A

Ventriloquist effect and the McGurk effect

49
Q

What occurs during the ventriloquist effect?

A

The visual cue is unambiguous so the visual capture reliably occcurs

50
Q

What occurs during the McGurk effect?

A

Phoneme production is dubbed with a video of the person speaking a different phoneme. Result being the perception of a third different phoneme

51
Q

What occurs during vision and touch illusion?

A

The rubber hand illusion

52
Q

What occurs during the rubber hand illusion?

A

Visual and tactile information is applied at the same time. Vision and proprioception combines in judging where our body is

53
Q

Who looked at vision and vestibular?

A

Stein and Meredith, 1993

54
Q

What did Stein and Meredith find?

A

When visual cues are small, the orientation of an illuminated line appears to change to match the effects of rotation

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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