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OCR Gateway Biology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the corpus callosum

A

Communicates between left and right side of the brain

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2
Q

Communicates between left and right side of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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3
Q

What does the cerebrum do (4)

A
  • motor information
  • sensory information
  • high level functions
  • learning/memory
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4
Q
  • motor information
  • sensory information
  • high level functions
  • learning/memory
A

Cerebrum

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5
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Body temperature and water balance

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6
Q

Body temperature and water balance

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

Posture and balance , learned and fined motor skills

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8
Q

Posture and balance , learned and fined motor skills

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

What does the medulla do

A

Automatic processes eg breathing

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10
Q

Automatic processes eg breathing

A

Medulla

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11
Q

What does the pituitary gland do

A

Stores and releases hormones

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12
Q

Stores and release hormones

A

Pituitary gland

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13
Q

What does the ciliary muscle do

A

Can contract or relax to change shape of lens

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14
Q

Can contract or relax to change shape of lens

A

Ciliary muscles

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15
Q

What do suspensory ligaments do

A

Hold lens in place

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16
Q

Hold lens in place

A

Suspensory ligaments

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17
Q

What does the pupil do

A

A gap to allow light to enter the light

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18
Q

A gap to allow light to enter the light

A

Pupil

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19
Q

What is the iris

A

A muscle that controls the size of the pupil

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20
Q

A muscle that controls the size of the pupil

A

Iris

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21
Q

What is the cornea

A

Transparent layer that starts refraction of light

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22
Q

Transparent layer that starts refraction of light

A

Cornea

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23
Q

What is the conjunctiva

A

Transparent layer that protects the eye

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24
Q

Transparent layer that protects the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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25
Q

What is the sclera

A

Tough white protective layer

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26
Q

Tough white protective layer

A

Sclera

27
Q

What is the choroid

A

Black vascular layer that stops light being reflected in the eye

28
Q

Black vascular layer that stops light being reflected in the eye

A

Choroid

29
Q

What is the retina

A

A layer of light sensitive receptor cells

30
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

Carries nervous impulses from retina to brain

31
Q

A layer of light sensitive receptor cells

A

Retina

32
Q

What is a blind spot

A

Area with no light sensitive cells, where optic nerve joins

33
Q

Area with no light sensitive cells, where optic nerve joins

A

Blind spot

34
Q

Carries nervous impulses from retina to brain

A

Optic nerve

35
Q

What does the optic nerve do

A

Carries nervous impulses from retina to brain

36
Q

What does the lens do

A

Focuses image on retina

37
Q

Focuses image on retina

A

Lens

38
Q

What is the fovea

A

High concentration of cons for best point of image formation

39
Q

High concentration of cons for best point of image formation

A

Fovea

40
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous system

A
  • Peripheral (PNS)

- Central (CNS)

41
Q

What is the role of the nervous system

A

To detect and respond to changes in the environment

42
Q

What is the nervous system needed to do (4)

A
  • Move
  • Communicate
  • Control internal processes
  • carry out higher order functions
43
Q

What type of lens for long sightedness?

A

Convex

44
Q

What type of lens for short sightedness?

A

Concave

45
Q

What can cause long sightedness?

A

Weak lens or short eyeball

46
Q

Where is image formed with long sightedness

A

Behind retina

47
Q

What can cause short sightedness

A

Long eyeball or powerful lens

48
Q

Where does image form with short sightedness

A

In front of retina

49
Q

What happens when circular muscles contract

A

Pupil constricts

50
Q

What happens when radial muscles contract

A

Pupil dilates

51
Q

How is an image formed

A

Stimulus detected by receptors and converted into electrical impulse

52
Q

Limitations of investigating brains (5)

A
  1. One function needs many areas of brain
  2. One area of brain for many functions
  3. Not enough studies to draw conclusions
  4. Consent
  5. Ethical issues
53
Q

Causes of nervous system damage (4)

A
  1. Injury
  2. Disease
  3. genetics
  4. Toxic substances
54
Q

Damage to PNS results in (3)

A
  1. Numbness
  2. Inability to feel pain
  3. Loss of coordination
55
Q

What can damage to CNS lead to (4)

A
  1. Loss of control of body systems
  2. Paralysis
  3. Memory loss
  4. Processing difficulties
56
Q

What measures brain activity

A

EEG + MEG

57
Q

CT advantages (5)

A
  1. Non invasive
  2. Hard tissue
  3. Quick
  4. Detailed
  5. Yes to metal implants
58
Q

CT disadvantages (3)

A
  1. Contrast dyes
  2. Radiation
  3. Not portable
59
Q

MRI advantages (3)

A
  1. Soft tissue
  2. Non invasive
  3. Any plane
60
Q

MRI Disadvantages (3)

A
  1. Expensive
  2. No to metal implants
  3. Not portable
61
Q

Info from MRI (3)

A
  1. Changes in implants
  2. Visualise Alzheimer’s
  3. Detect tumors
62
Q

Info from CT (3)

A
  1. Diagnose arthritis
  2. Damage from strokes
  3. Abnormalities in x-Rays
63
Q

Nervous response (5)

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Receptors
  3. CNS
  4. Effectors
  5. Response

OCR Gateway Biology (13 decks)

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