Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What ate enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts

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2
Q

What is a catalyst? (3)

A
  • speed up reactions
  • not used up on reaction
  • specific
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3
Q

What are enzymes made from?

A

Proteins (long chains of amino acids)

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4
Q

What is the collision theory?

A

In order for chemical reactions to occur, particles must collide with enough energy

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5
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy particles must have in order to react

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6
Q

How do catalysts work regarding activation energy?

A

They lower the activation energy, therefore increasing the chance of a reaction

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7
Q

Lock and key mechanism (2)

A
  • each enzyme has very specific 3D shape

- substrate fits into active site forming an enzyme-substrate complex

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8
Q

How and why does temperature effect enzymes? (2)

A
  • rate of reaction increases

- they have more kinetic energy so move faster

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9
Q

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?

A

37°C

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10
Q

What happens when the temperature goes above 37°C? (4)

A
  • amino acids unravel
  • active site changes shape
  • enzyme becomes denatured
  • rate of reaction slows dramatically
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11
Q

Why is the optimum temperature for enzymes 37°C?

A

Temperature of human body

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12
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

Saliva

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13
Q

Where is pepsin found?

A

Stomach

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14
Q

Optimum pH for amylase

A

7

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15
Q

Optimum pH for Pespin

A

3

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16
Q

Where is trypsin found

A

Small intestine

17
Q

Impact of enzyme concentration and why

A

The higher the concentration, the faster the reaction because there are more active sites for the substrates to fit in to

18
Q

Enzyme process 1

A

Substrate enters active site of enzyme

19
Q

Enzyme process 2

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

20
Q

Enzyme process 3

A

Enzyme-products complex

21
Q

Enzyme process 4

A

Products leaving active site of enzyme

22
Q

What happens if pH isn’t right?

A

Interferes with bonds in enzymes