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OCR Gateway Biology > The Ednocrine System > Flashcards

The Ednocrine System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A chemical messenger

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2
Q

What is a chemical messenger called?

A

Hormone

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3
Q

What is a hormone produced by?

A

Endocrine gland

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4
Q

What does an endocrine gland do?

A

Produce hormones

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5
Q

Where do hormones get secreted into?

A

The blood

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6
Q

What are hormones carried in?

A

Plasma

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7
Q

What does a hormone do? (2)

A
  • Causes a response

- Control body processes that need adjustment

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8
Q

Where do hormones cause responses?

A

Specific target organs

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9
Q

What do exocrine glands do?

A

Secrete non-hormone substances, not into the blood

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10
Q

What secretes non-hormone substances, not into the blood

A

An exocrine gland

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11
Q

What is it called when conditions in the body are kept constant?

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

What are target cells? (2)

A
  • Have a protein on surface membrane called a receptor

- Receptor has a complementary shape to the hormone

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13
Q

Why are hormones supplied to all cells?

A

They are transported in the blood

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14
Q

What makes up the endocrine system? (2)

A
  • endocrine glands

- hormones

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15
Q

What regulates other hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Regulates other hormones

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17
Q

What does the pituitary gland release? (4)

A
  • FSH
  • LH
  • Oxytocin
  • Growth Hormone
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18
Q

What releases:

  • FSH
  • LH
  • Oxytocin
  • Growth Hormone
A

Pituitary Gland

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19
Q

What does the Thyroid release?

A

Thyroxine

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20
Q

What releases thyroxine?

A

The thyroid

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21
Q

What does thyroxine do?

A

Regulates metabolism

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22
Q

What regulates metabolism?

A

Thyroxine

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23
Q

What does the adrenal gland release? (2)

A
  • Adrenalin

- Cortisol

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24
Q

What releases:

  • Adrenalin
  • Cortisol
A

The adrenal gland

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25
Q

What do the ovaries release? (2)

A
  • Oestrogen

- Progesterone

26
Q

What releases:

  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
A

Ovaries

27
Q

What do the ovaries do?

A

Controls secondary sexual characteristics

28
Q

What do the testes do?

A

Controls secondary sexual characteristics

29
Q

What controls secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Ovaries and testes

30
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Maintains uterus and inhibits LH

31
Q

What maintains uterus and maintains LH?

A

Progesterone

32
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Causes lining of uterus to build up and inhibits FSH

33
Q

What causes lining of uterus to build up and inhibits FSH?

A

Oestrogen

34
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates egg to mature and ovaries to secrete oestrogen

35
Q

What stimulates egg to mature and ovaries to secrete oestrogen?

A

FSH

36
Q

What does LH do?

A

Triggers ovulation

37
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

LH

38
Q

What plant hormone ripens growth?

A

Ethene

39
Q

What plant hormone promotes stem elongation?

A

Gibberellins

40
Q

What plant hormone is used to control dormancy?

A

Gibberellins

41
Q

What plant hormone promotes root growth?

A

Auxins

42
Q

What plant hormone delays ripening?

A

Auxins

43
Q

What plant hormone kills weeds?

A

Auxins

44
Q

What plant hormone produces seedless fruit?

A

Auxins

45
Q

What does ethene do? (1)

A

-Ripens fruit

46
Q

What do gibberellins do? (2)

A
  • Promote stem elongation

- Control dormancy

47
Q

What do auxins do? (4)

A
  • Promotes root growth
  • Delays ripening
  • Kills weeds
  • Produces seedless fruit
48
Q

Nervous control or Hormonal control?

Transmission is by chemicals in the blood

A

Hormonal

49
Q

Nervous control or Hormonal control?

Speed of communication is slower

A

Hormonal

50
Q

Nervous control or Hormonal control?

Transmission is by electrical impulse

A

Nervous

51
Q

Nervous control or Hormonal control?

Speed of communication is very fast

A

Nervous

52
Q

Nervous control or Hormonal control?

Targets a precise area

A

Hormone

53
Q

Nervous control or Hormonal control?

Usually targets a large area eg muscle, gland

A

Nervous

54
Q

Name the 8 glands

A 
Pancreas 
Testes 
Ovaries
Thyroid 
Pituitary 
Adrenal
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid
55
Q

Effect of adrenaline on eyes

A

Dilated pupils

56
Q

Effect of adrenaline on heart rate

A

Increase

57
Q

Effect of adrenaline on air passage of lungs

A

Expand

58
Q

Effect of adrenaline on metabolism

A

Maximise glucose levels in blood

59
Q

Effect of adrenaline on blood

A

Redistribution to maximise oxygen levels

60
Q

How does birth control work (3)

A
  1. Stop sperm meeting egg
  2. Prevent egg from developing
  3. Not all owning implantation

OCR Gateway Biology (13 decks)

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