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Psycholoogische Biologie > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Somato-Motoric instruction

A

Befehl an Muskeln

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2
Q

Somato sensible feelings

A

Empfindung aus dem Körper

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3
Q

Viscero motoric

A

Befehl an die Organe

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4
Q

Viscero sensible feelings

A

Empfindung an die Organe

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5
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Connection between brain and body without spinal cord

Coming from cranial nerve nucleus in brain stem (efferent) and ganglia of body (afferent)

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6
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Connection between body and spinal cord

From spinal cord (efferent) and spinal ganglia (afferent)

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7
Q

Plexus nerves

A

Mix of spinal nerves efferent

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8
Q

Orientation

A

Anterior (rostral)
Posterior (caudal)
Inferior (ventral)
Superior (rücken)

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9
Q

Caudal Equina

A

Tail of axons, stopping at L1/L2

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10
Q

Spinal cord; Gray matter (Somata)

A 
Ventral Horn (motor neurons)
Dorsal Horn (sensory neurons)
Lateral Horn (sympathetic neurons)
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11
Q

Spinal cord; White matter (Axons surrounded by myelin)

A 
Dorsal column (afferent)
Ventral column (Both/ mostly efferent)
Lateral column
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12
Q

Liquor System

A

4 Ventricles: 2at side/temporal; 3,4 central
Filling space betw. skull and brain in vertebrae
Cushion for cortex, metabolic garbage, fluid exchange 3 times a day

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13
Q

Brain stem (vital functions)

A

Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Formatio reticularis
Mesencephalon/ midbrain

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14
Q

Pons (middle)

A

Connection to cerebellum and telencephalon

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15
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Vegetative functions:

blood pressure, circulatory system

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16
Q

Formatio reticularis

A

Group of neurons, linked to important brain areas
Synthesis of serotonin and adrenalin
Filtering stimuli
Orientation, perception of position in space, locomotion

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17
Q

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A 
Tectum (roof); reflexes in eye and head
Tegmentum: pain perception 
-> (Substania nigra: movement) 
-> (Nucleus ruber: fine motor skills)
Cerebral Crura: motor tracts, efferent for voluntary movement
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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

2 Hemisphere + cerebellar vemis

  • fine motor skill coordination
  • implicit learning of movement pattern
  • vegetative coordination
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19
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus + epiphysis
Hypothalamus + pituitary gland

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20
Q

Thalamus

A
  • gate to consciousness
  • Specific thalamus nuclei(memory, emotion, motivation)
  • Sensory nuclei (sorting/filtering perceptions but smell)
  • Motoric nuclei (coordination between cerebellum& basal ganglia=)
  • Unspecific nuclei (arousal, sleep rhythm)
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21
Q

Epithalamus + epiphysis

A

Synthesising Melatonin from Serotonin

-Photoreceptors collaterals to optic tract

22
Q

Hypophyse

A
  • Controlling functions of inner organs (adaption to emotion)
23
Q

Telencephalon

A

Basal Ganglia

Somata (gray matter), core/mark (white matter)

24
Q

Direct Pathway of BG

A

Cerebral cortex arousing -> BG inhibiting thalamus -> arousing cortex –> fluent movements/cognitive processes

25
Q

Indirect Pathway of BG

A

inhibition of inhibited thalamus -> inhibition of cortex -> no fluent movements

26
Q

Pathway I

A

Nigrostriatal (connecting substantia nigra and dorsal striatium, part of BG motor loop)
Mesolimbic (reward pathway, Dopaminergic addiction)

27
Q

Pathway II

A

Mesocortical: cognitive control, motivation, emotional response (schizophrenia)
Tuberofundibular: regulation of ecretion of prolactin from anterior pituitary

28
Q

Limbic System

A

Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala (frontal end of hypothalamus)
- protected by temporal lobe

29
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A
  • Anterior (Attention, pain processing ACC)
  • > Cingulotomy (cut through ACC-> Tourette syndrome, change in personality)
  • Posterior (not part of limbic system)
30
Q

Amygdala

A

Basolaterale Amygdala
(Sensory Inf. input from thalamus, frontal-, lateral lobe
Increased attention fight/flight, fear conditioning

31
Q

Isocortex

A

6 layers different in thickness, composition density off:

  • pyramid cells
  • granule cells
  • spindle-cells
  • Afferent signals (2&4), Efferent signals (3&5)
32
Q

Allocortex

A

Paleocortex (smelling), Archicortex (hippocampus)

33
Q

Primary cortex

A

first processing of signals

34
Q

Secondary cortex

A

More complex processing of singals

35
Q

Tertiary cortex (association)

A

integration of different modalities

36
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Seeing

37
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing

38
Q

Parietal lobe

A

tactile sense

39
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Movement, Action, Decision

40
Q

Fibres

A

Commissure: Axonal connection via corpus callosum
Association: Connecting cortex areas (network)(long)
Projection: Afferent & Efferent signals from & to periph

41
Q

BA4 in primary motor cortex in sulcus centralis

A

Somatotopy (body-place); homunculus overlapping

42
Q

BA6 in premotor cortex in frontal lobe

A

-planning of movement, memory of sequence

43
Q

BA8 in frontal lobe

A

voluntary eye movement

44
Q

BA 44/45 in frontal lobe

A

Speaking (left hemisphere)

cognitive functions

45
Q

BA 9,10,11,46,47 in frontal lobe

A

working memory, action planning, attention, behavior

46
Q

BA 1,2,3 in parietal lobe

A

Afferent signals from thalamus,, spinal cord (touch, pain, temperature)
Somatosensory homunculus

47
Q

BA 40,43 in parietal lobe

A

Secondary somatosensory cortex

48
Q

BA 17 in occipital lobe

A

optic radiation

Retinotopy (relations from retina)

49
Q

BA 18,19 in occiptal lobe

A

more complex progressing

50
Q

BA 41,42 in temporal lobe

A

Signals from thalamus . acoustic radiation Tronotopy

51
Q

BA 22 in temporal lobe

A

more complex progression

52
Q

Insula in lateral sulcus

A

Processing and control of vegetative and visceral system

Psycholoogische Biologie (11 decks)

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