The Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormones
substance from glands secreted into bloodstream
binding on surface receptors of target organ
effect rising with concentration in blood, amount and density of receptors
same Hormon different effect on organs
Lipophilic hormones
triggering chemical process at target organ
Direct Interaction: liposuble particles directly crossing blood-brain barrier and cell membrane -> binding to DNA, modifying transcription
Hydrophilic hormones
indirect interaction: binding on membrane proteins, structural modification -> second messenger -> change of cell function or stimulating transcription factors
Transfer ways
Autocrine (acting on cell)
Paracrine (acting on same organs)
Endocrine (acting on cells of different organs via bloodstream)
Classification of hormones depending on precursor chemical
Hydrophilic (Peptide hormones, amino acid derivate)
Lipophilic (Steroids, fatty acid derivate)
Eicosanoids (fatty acid derivate)
En/ or discouraging blood clotting, local infection processes, pain (good vs. bad eicosanoids)
Classification of hormones depending on location of synthesis
Glandular
Extra-cellular (tissue, eicosanoids)
Neurosecretory (endocrine neurons/ hypothalamus)
Regulative Mechanism
Gene expression
Amount and activity of synthesis enzymes
Amount of storage and transport proteisn
Organs producing hormones
Hypothalamus-pituitary gland system Gonads Thyroid Mammary gland Adrenal medulla Pancreas Epiphysis
Extra-glandular hormones
Gastrointestinal tract Kidney Tissue-hormones Eicosanoids Serotonin Histamine Kinin
Gonadotropin
Sexual functions
Thyreotropin
Growth of Thyroid -> increasing heart activity
Adrenocorticotropic
Stimulating Adrenal Cortex
Stress, blood sugar, water and electrolytes
Prolactin
Stimulating mammary gland
Suppressing secretion of gonadotropin
Growth hormone GH
Increasing growth of muscles, bones, cartilage
SHR (more) SHR (less)
