Physiology Of Senses

Question 1

Light

Answer 1

Seeing, Retina

Question 2

Sound

Answer 2

Hearing, Ear (Corti-Organ)

Question 3

Chemical

Answer 3

Tasting/Scenting

Tongue/ Nose

Question 4

Gravity

Answer 4

Balance
Vestibular organ (ear)

Question 5

Pressure

Answer 5

Feeling

Skin

Question 6

Temperature

Answer 6

Temperature sense

Warm and cold receptors

Question 7

Perception threshold methods

Answer 7

Limiting method (one stimulus beneath threshold, the other above)
Consistency method: random stimuli above/beneath threshold q

Question 8

Production method

Answer 8

Own regulation of minimal intensity/ mean value

Question 9

Weber Rule

Answer 9

Increase of stimulus needed to get just slightly new stronger perception E = constant fraction of initial stimulus S

Question 10

Law of Fechner

Answer 10

Logarithmic function of association between subjectively perceives and objectively measures strength of stimulus

The stinger the stimulus the slower the next differential linen reached

Question 11

Stevens Potential Law

Answer 11

Law of Fechner inaccurate for very strong or weak stimuli

Question 12

Transduction and Transformation

Answer 12

Transduction: change of stimulus into sensor potential; proportional to strength and duration, depolarization if exceeding threshold.
Transformation: change of sensor potential into AP
Primary neurons/Secondary neurons

Question 13

Adaption

Answer 13

Long stimulation duration -> decline of sensor potential.

P-sensors adapting slowly
D-sensors adapting fast

Question 14

Sensory Pathways

Answer 14

1. primary sensory neuron
2. secondary neuron in SC
3. neuron in sensory thalamus nucleus
4. Neuron in primary sensory cortex

Question 15

Tactile sense

Answer 15

Mechanoreceptors reacting on pressure, touch, Vibration, titillation

Question 16

Meißner Corpuscles

Answer 16

Touch Sensor, detection of velocity, RA, in curium and epidermis of hairless skin

Coding for roughness

Question 17

Merkel cell

Answer 17

Intensity and duration, SA, own AP (primary sensors)

Coding for smoothness
Primary sensor but a complex disk receptor

Question 18

Pacini corpuscles

Answer 18

Vibration sensor, acceleration, very RA, in subcutus

Question 19

Ruffini corpuscles (ending)

Answer 19

Intensity and duration, SA, sensitive for elongation

Question 20

Hair follicle sensors

Answer 20

Around hair, free neuron ending

Question 21

Receptive area

Answer 21

Region if sensors is sensory organ

Question 22

Receptive field

Answer 22

Region of receptive area where afferent signals of sensory neuron coming from

Question 23

Receptive files of mechanoreceptors

Answer 23

Meissner corpuscles and Merkel nerve endings: well defined outline
Pacini corpuscles and Ruffini corpuscles end-organs: widespread outline
Zweitpunktschwelle: minimal distance between two pints

Question 24

Functions of tactile sense

Answer 24

detection of structure of surfaces

Question 25

Somatosensory pathways

Answer 25

From receptor to somatosensory vortex via 3 neurons: Primary somatosensible neuron (soma in spinal ganglion or cranial nerve muscle) Secondary (Soma in spinal cord/medulla oblangata) Tertiary (soma in thalamus) Somatosensory information of head via trigeminus nerve