Human Movement

Question 1

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 1

Sarcolemma/Sarcoplasm
Long fibers
Myosin/actin filament connected to Z-disc
Calcium released by AP

Question 2

Smooth Muscles

Answer 2

Organs/Ventricles
Shorter fibres (Slower, stronger, longer contraction)
Myogenic tonus (autonom contraction)
Neurogenic tonus (stimulated by sympathetic NS)

Question 3

Motor units

Answer 3

1 motor neuron from CNS stimulating many muscle fibres
1 fibre = 1 motor neuron
1 motor neuron = few fibres
divergenz

Question 4

Afferent signals of muscles

Answer 4

Muscle spindle

Tension control by Golgi-tendon organ

Question 5

Reflexes in spinal cord

Answer 5

Intrinsic (receptor/effector at same organ)

Extrinsic (polysynaptic)

Question 6

Reciprocal Inhibition (forward)

Answer 6

Antagonist muscle group inhibited by interneuron between stimulating motor neuron of synergist and stimulating motor neuron of anatognist

Question 7

Renshaw Inhibition (Backward)

Answer 7

Limitation of arousal -> inhibition of overshooting reaction (inhibiting interneuron (Renshaw-cell) at same motor neuron

Question 8

Disease in motor neurons

Answer 8

Progressive spinal muscle atrophy (Schwund)

Poliomyelitis virus infecting alpha motor neuron -> atrophy

Question 9

Control of Movement

Answer 9

Pyramidal Tract (voluntary movement)
Extra-pyramidal tract (involuntary movement)

Question 10

Motoric function of the cerebellum

Answer 10

• fine adjustment of movement plan
• stability
• muscletonus
• Cortex (sensory input and planning)

Question 11

Motor function of BG

Answer 11

Cortex -> BG (controlling/modelling of motion sequences)

- feedback loops to adjust whole system of arousal and inhibition