Neurons and Glia Cells Flashcards
Cytoplasma
Cytosol + cell organelles
Nucleus
Own membrane, DNA and nucleus,
Nuclear pores for mRNA and ribosomes
Mitochondria
Power station
Production of ATP by depletion (Abbau) of fat
Ribosomes
- produced in the nucleotide
- free in cytoplasm -> proteins staying there
- on ER -> proteins for organelles, cell membrane or export
- wandering along mRNA, adding amino-acids from tRNA
End opals ich Reticulum
- factory
- smooth: synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids
- in muscle: storage of CA+
- rough: connected to nucleus membrane, ribosomes on surface
- transport of protein to Golgi-apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Post
-vesicles packed to transport proteins and molecules through cell
Exocytosis = vesicles merging with cell membrane
Lysosomes
Dustbin
Depletion and transport of garbage or bad substances
If defect -> illness, death
Cytoskeleton
Providing structure
Microtubules (small tubes, transport, moving organelles)
Microfilaments (at cell membrane, framework and movement of cell)
Microfibrils (microtubules and microfilaments)
Cytosol
Fluid of cytoplasm (water, proteins, ions)
Plasa membrane
- receptor
- oily film, stabilized by cytoskeleton, place of receptors
1. Phospholipids forming bilayer
2. Membrane proteins transporting information, ion passing, nutrition and keeping up homeoestais and electrical potential
3. Cholesterol molecules: keeping ho viscosity
Forms of motor neuron
Motor neuron Purkinje cell (many branches) Mitral cell (from bulbus olfactorius) long axon, blooming dendrites Pyramidal cell in cortex long axons and dendrites spread across
Anterograde
Soma to synapse
Retro gerade
Synapse to soma
Glia cells (4subtypes of myelin)
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cell
Astro Yates
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
1OD around many axons
Slow myelinisation(protection from mechanical overload + faster signal conduction)
in CNS
Schwann Cell
Around 1 axon
In PNS
Only protection, no acceleration of signal conduction
Astrocytes
Man branches contacting many neurons
Supporting blood-brain barrier p, transporting nutrients
Exchange between neurons and capillaries
Radial cell (special form) luring axon to target cell in development of NS
Microglia
CNS
Immune function by phagocytosis, activating other cells of immune system
Blood-Brain-Barrier
Protecting neurons from toxics containing natural in blood
Astrocytes around capillaries, tight junctions between endothelial cells
