The Nervous System 3 Flashcards
where does insulin go
beta pancreas to general
when full (high bg), the pancreas release insulin to either
use: body cells increase permeability to glucose
store: excess stored in the liver as glucagon
where does glucagon go
alpha pancreas to general
when hungry (low bg), pancreas release glucagon to liver which release glucose from glucagon
where does ACTH go
from the anterior pituitary to the adrenal cortex, stimulates cortisol release (stress)
where does cortisol go
adrenal cortex to general, controls long term (stress)
where does epinephrine go
adrenal medulla to the liver and muscles, short term stress (stress)
where does TSH go
from the anterior pituitary to the thyroid
not metabolizing effectively, the hypothalamus secretes TRH to the anterior pituitary and secretes TSH to the thyroid secretes thyroxine to body cells increasing metabolism (metabolism)
iodine for negative feedback, not enough iodine = goiter
hyperthyroidism (increased body temp)
hypothyroidism (low secretion, lethargy, dwarf/cretinism)
where does thyroxine go
thyroid to general
regulate metabolic rate, and help control body temp
where does hGH go
anterior pituitary to general
stimulate elongation of the skeleton, increase fatty acid levels by fat breakdown, and blood glucose increase
hypersecretion - too much (gigantism, acromegaly)
hyposecretion - too little (dwarfism)
where does calcitonin go
thyroid gland to bone
decreases calcium blood level by inhibiting bone breakdown, decreases Ca uptake in kidneys
the thyroid secretes calcitonin
bones store, kidneys and intestines lose
where does PTH go
part of calcium control
from parathyroid to bone
increase calcium in blood levels by stimulating bone breakdown
increase calcium uptake in kidneys and intestines
parathyroid release PTH
bone release, kidneys and intestines absorb
where does ADH go
water and ion balance
pituitary to kidneys
85% H2O reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron back to blood
15% remains would be collected by ADH in a distal tube and collecting duct (increase permeability to H2O)
thirst is when osmoreceptors (detect H2O reabsorb in the blood) shrink in the hypothalamus
H2O absorb into the blood, concentration of solutes in the blood decrease
fluid moves from the blood to the hypothalamus
osmoreceptors swell, stop stim pituitary gland to release ADH kidneys reabsorb less water
(thirsty) low H2O in the blood, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus swell, posterior pituitary release ADH, and kidney reabsorb H2O
where does aldosterone go
water and ion balance
from adrenal cortex to kidney
reabsorb Na and H2O in distal tube and collecting duct
increase blood vol and pressure
describe diabetes
islet cells of langerham deteriote, lower insulin, glucose in urine (thirsty)
Junvenile (1), genetic, early degen, injection
Adult/Maturity (2), lifestyle, prod cells become less effective
Gestational Diabetes, 2-4% pregnancy, higher risk of diabetes in mother and child
