The nervous system

Question 1

somatic nervous system

Answer 1

regulates systems over which there is voluntary control

Question 2

autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

controls body functions that occur without voluntary control

Question 3

neural tissue contains which two basic types of cells

Answer 3

neurons, neuroglia

Question 4

neuroglia

Answer 4

supporting cells

Question 5

4 basic functions of neuroglia

Answer 5

provide a supporting skeleton for neural tissue

isolate and protect cell membranes of neurons

regulate the composition of interstitial fluid

defend neural tissue from pathogens and aid in the repair of injury

Question 6

myelin sheath

Answer 6

membrane sheath that surrounds axons

Question 7

synapse

Answer 7

gap between nerve cells that consists of a terminal bouton or other type of axon terminal

Question 8

presynaptic terminal

Answer 8

end of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft

Question 9

synaptic cleft

Answer 9

the space between neurons

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

chemicals released from neurons that stimulate electrical reactions in adjacent neurons

Question 11

nerve fiber

Answer 11

groups of neurons that are bundled together

Question 12

nerve

Answer 12

formed by groups of nerve fibers

Question 13

central nervous system (cns)

Answer 13

consists of the brain and spinal cord

encased in and protected by bone

Question 14

cranial cavity

Answer 14

encases the brane

Question 15

major regions of the brain

Answer 15

cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum
brainstem

Question 16

the cerebrum

Answer 16

largest portion of the brain, controls the higher thought processes, divided into right and left hemispheres

Question 17

frontal lobe

Answer 17

voluntary motor action, as well as personality traits

Question 18

parietal lobe

Answer 18

site for reception and evaluation of some sensory info

Question 19

occipital lobe

Answer 19

responsible for the processing of visual info

Question 20

temporal lobe

Answer 20

plays an important role in hearing and memory

Question 21

diencephalon

Answer 21

part of the brain between the brains stem and the cerebrum

Question 22

thalamus

Answer 22

processes most sensory input and influences mood and general body movements

Question 23

subthalamus

Answer 23

involved in controlling motor functions

Question 24

epithalamus

Answer 24

involved in control of emotions, circadian rhythms, and connecting the limbic system with the rest of the brain

Question 25

hypothalamus

Answer 25

most inferior portion of the dincephalon

Question 26

limbic system

Answer 26

parts of the cerebrum and diencephalon, includes structures that influence emotions, motivation, mood, sensations of pain and pleasure

Question 27

pons

Answer 27

lies below the midbrain and above the medulla, contains numerous important nerve fibers and the medullary respiratory center

Question 28

medulla

Answer 28

the inferior portion of the midbrain that is continuous inferiorly with the spinal cord.

Question 29

cerebellum

Answer 29

communicates with the other regions of the cns through cerebeller peduncles. essential in coordinating muscle movements in the body and proper balance

Question 30

meminges

Answer 30

a set of three tough membranes that enclose the entire cns

Question 31

dura mater

Answer 31

outer and toughest membrane

Question 32

arachnoid

Answer 32

second layer with many blood vessels that make it appear like a spider web

Question 33

pia mater

Answer 33

inner layer resting directly on the brain

Question 34

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 34

fluid in which the meninges float; it is manufactured in the ventricles of the brain and flows in the subarachnoid space

Question 35

subarachnoid space

Answer 35

located between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater

Question 36

choroid plexus

Answer 36

specialized cells within hollow areas in the ventricles of the brain that produce csf

Question 37

ventricles

Answer 37

specialized hallow areas in the brain

Question 38

spinal cord

Answer 38

located at the base of the brain, composed of bundles of nerve fibers, transmits messages between the brain and the body from 31 segments

Question 39

cervical enlargement

Answer 39

supplies nerves to the upper limbs

Question 40

lumbar enlargement

Answer 40

supplies nerves to the lower limbs

Question 41

vertebral canal

Answer 41

bony canal formed by vertebrae that houses and protects the spinal cord

Question 42

tracts

Answer 42

pathways within the spinal cord that contain nerve fibers

Question 43

ascending tracts

Answer 43

carry sensory information from the periphery back to the braind

Question 44

descending tracts

Answer 44

carry motor impulses from the brain to the fibers of the peripheral nervous system

Question 45

peripheral nervous system

Answer 45

part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord. It plays key role in both sending information from different areas of your body back to your brain, as well as carrying out commands from your brain to various parts of your body.

Question 46

ganglia

Answer 46

collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the cns

Question 47

spinal nerves

Answer 47

arise from numerous rootlets along the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the spinal cord

Question 48

two types of nerves in the pns

Answer 48

sensory and motor

Question 49

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions secrete one of two neurotransmitters

Answer 49

acetycholine, norepinephrine

Question 50

cholinergic fiber

Answer 50

neuron that secretes acetylcholine

Question 51

adrenergic fiber

Answer 51

neuron that secretes norepinebphrine