Cells

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Cell contents

Question 2

Cytosol

Answer 2

Liquids inside the cell. (Liquid cytoplasm)

Question 3

Organelles

Answer 3

Intracellular structures. (Solid Cytoplasm)

Question 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) “Rough and smooth”

Answer 4

Provides intracellular transport and storage

Synthesizes proteins, lipids, and carbs

Question 5

Rough ER

Answer 5

Has ribosomes

Question 6

Smooth ER

Answer 6

Does not have ribosomes

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Organelles that synthesize proteins

Question 8

Golgi aparatus

Answer 8

Forms lysosomes

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Remove damaged organelles

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Produces 95% of ATP for the cell

Question 11

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 11

Transfers energy within the cells

Question 12

Nucleosis

Answer 12

Synthesizes RNA (ribosomes)

Question 13

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Answer 13

Single strand DNA

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Control center. Stores and protects the cells genetic material

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Enables movement of Structures

Question 16

Microvilli (Mini Cilia)

Answer 16

Facilitates absorption

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

Moves materials over the surface of the cell

Question 18

Proteasomes

Answer 18

Breakdown damaged intracellular proteins

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

Movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 20

How do molecules move within the cell

Answer 20

1.) Moves across lipid portion of the membrane
2.) Passing through channel protein in the membrane

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

Diffusion of water across membranes

Question 22

Isotonic

Answer 22

Equal

Question 22

Hypotonic

Answer 22

Higher water concentration
Lower salt concentration

Question 23

Hypertonic

Answer 23

Lower water concentration
Higher salt concentration

Question 24

Passive transport

Answer 24

No energy required (relies on natural movement) Moves substances from high to low concentration (down the concentration gradient) Examples: Diffusion (small molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely) Facilitated diffusion (larger molecules like glucose use protein channels) Osmosis (water moves through a selectively permeable membrane)

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

Requires energy (ATP) Moves substances from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient) Requires transport proteins or pumps Examples: Sodium-potassium pump (important for nerve signaling) Endocytosis (cell engulfs material) Exocytosis (cell expels material)

Question 26

Protoplasm

Answer 26

a viscous liquid matrix that supports all internal cellular structures (organelles).

Question 27

Sperm

Answer 27

Male sex cell

Question 28

2 types of cells

Answer 28

Somatic (body cells) Sex cells (reproductive cells)

Question 29

Oocytes

Answer 29

Female sex cells (eggs)

Question 30

Extracellular

Answer 30

Outside the cell

Question 31

Intracellular

Answer 31

Inside the cell

Question 32

Crenation

Answer 32

shrinkage of a cell that occurs when too much water moves out of the cell.

Question 33

Lysis

Answer 33

swelling and bursting of a cell that occurs when too much water enters the cell.

Question 34

Endocytosis

Answer 34

uptake of material through the cell membrane by a membrane-bound droplet or vesicle formed within the cell’s protoplasm.

Question 35

Phagocytosis

Answer 35

form of endocytosis that involves solid particles and literally means “cell eating.”

Question 36

Pinocytosis

Answer 36

Cell drinking

Question 37

Exocytosis

Answer 37

release of secretions from cells that have been accumulated in vesicles.

Question 38

Cilia

Answer 38

Hair like fibers on the outside of the cell capable of movement and moving things over the cell

Question 39

Flagella

Answer 39

Tail like structure at the end of the cell that propels cells forward

Question 40

C. Meiosis

Answer 40

specialized form of cell division that occurs only in the production of mature sperm and ova.

Question 41

Mitosis

Answer 41

the division of the nucleus of a cell.

Question 42

B. Epithelial tissues

Answer 42

tissues that cover all of the external surfaces of the body (such as the skin), cover and line organs within the body (such as the gallbladder), and make up the glands (enabling secretion and absorption to occur throughout the body).

Question 43

Connective tissues

Answer 43

1. Binds other types of tissue together.

Question 44

Muscle tissues

Answer 44

1. Tissue that overlies the framework of the skeleton; it is located within the substance of the body and invariably enclosed by connective tissue.