Skeletal system Flashcards
5 functions of the skeletal system
1.) Support
2.) Storage
3.) Blood cell production
4.) Protection
5.) Leverage
Support
Framework for soft tissues
Storage
1.) Mineral reserve (calcium/phosphate)
2.) Energy reserves (yellowmarrow)
Yellow marrow
Energy reserve for lipids. Can revert back to red marrow if more red blood cells are needed.
Blood cell production
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes).
Protection
Ribs protect the heart
Skull protects the brain
Vertebrae protects the spinal chord
Pelvis protects the digestive and reproductive system
Leverage
Movements/positions
Osseous Tissue
Bone
Makeup of bones
2/3 calcium and 1/3 collagen fibers
Bone marrow
Loose connective tissue inside the bone
Compact bone
Solid bone
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone
Sprains
Over-stretching or tearing of a ligament
Subluxation
Partial dislocation
Dislocation
A complete removal of a bone from its joint capsule
Fracture
Breakdown of bone structure
Grade 1 sprain
Minor stretch/tear. Joint is stable. Swelling, pain/tender
Grade 2 sprain
Joint unstable but intact.
Grade 3 sprain
Complete tear/ failure. Severe pain/spasm
Greenstick
In children. One side of the bone is broke but the other side is bent.
Torus
In children, swelling of the bone.
Transverse
Along the bone fracture
Oblique
Diagonal bone fracture
Spiral
Twisting of the bone resulting in a wrap around fracture
Comminuted
Multiple bone fragments
Segmented
Fracture in multiple spots resulting in a “free bone”
Impacted
Fracture from axial loading event
Axial skeleton
Skull (22)
Thoracic cage (24)
Vertebral column (26)
Appendicular skeleton
Upper/lower limbs (126)
Pelvic girdle
Cartilage
shiny connective tissues that are lubricated by synovial fluid to provide a slippery surface over which bones may move freely.
Long bones
longer than they are wide; most bones of the upper and lower extremities are long bones, including the femur, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius, and humerus.
Short bones
as broad as they are long and often cube-shaped or round, as exemplified by the bones of the wrist or foot.
flat bones
relatively thin and flattened; include certain skull bones, ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the scapulae (shoulder blades).
Diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone, many of which include the medullary cavity, an internal cavity that contains a substance known as bone marrow.
Epiphysis
the ends of the long bone.
Physis
– the growth plate, which is the major site of bone elongation.
Metaphysis
the flared region of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
Periosteum
consists of a double layer of connective tissue and lines the outer surface of the bone.
Endosteum
lining of the inner surfaces of a long bone.
Appositional growth
Growth of a new bone on the surface of a bone
Endochondral growth
Growth of cartilage to eventually be replaced by a bone
Epiphyseal
a fracture that occurs in a growth section of a child’s bone and may lead to growth abnormalities.
Humerus
Upper bone of the arm
Scapulae
shoulder blades
Clavicle
collar bone
Radius
located on the thumb side of the forearm, extends from elbow to wrist, crossing over ulna when hand is turned
Ulna
bone on the little finger side
Carpals
Eight irregularly shaped bones
Phalanges
finger bones
Pelvic girdle
comprised of two hip bones and the sacrum and attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Ilium
largest portion of the hip bone
Ischium
the lowest portion of the hip bone
Pubis
anterior portion of the hip bone
femur
thigh bone
patella
knee cap
Tibia
shin bone
fibula
slender bone located on the lateral side of the tibia
Tarsals
Ankle bonesM
Metatarsals
Toe bones
