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BIOM*2000 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is integration in the nervous system?

A

The process in which the nervous system processes and interprets sensory information and makes decisions about what should be done

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2
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

The non-neuronal tissue of the CNS that supports, insulates and protects neurons

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3
Q

Can neuroglia transmit nerve impulses?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the primary function of schwann cells, satellite cells and oligodendrocytes?

A

To form myelin sheaths

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5
Q

What is the primary function of astrocytes?

A

To form a scaffold that anchors the neurons in place in the CNS

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6
Q

What is the primary function of microglia?

A

To remove dead cells

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7
Q

What is the primary function of ependymal cells?

A

To line the brain cavities

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8
Q

What are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

Nuclei

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9
Q

What are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

Ganglia

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10
Q

What are bundles of nerve fibres called when they run through the CNS?

A

Tracts

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11
Q

What are bundles of nerve fibres called when they run through the PNS?

A

Nerves

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12
Q

What does white matter consist of?

A

Dense collections of myelinated fibres (tracts)

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13
Q

What does grey matter consist of?

A

Collections of mostly unmyelinated fibres and cell bodies

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14
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Neurons with more than two processes extending from the cell body

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15
Q

What is the most common structural type of neuron?

A

Multipolar neurons

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16
Q

What are bipolar neurons?

A

Neurons with two processes extending from the cell body (one axon, one dendrite)

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17
Q

What are unipolar neurons?

A

Neurons with a single process (one dendrite) extending from the cell body

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18
Q

In which direction do sensory/afferent neurons carry information?

A

From a sensory receptor to the central nervous system

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19
Q

What are cutaneous sense organs?

A

Sensory receptors in the skin

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20
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

A sensory receptor located in muscles and tendons

21
Q

In which direction do motor/efferent neurons carry information?

A

From the CNS to a muscle or gland

22
Q

What is the role of interneurons/association neurons?

A

Connect afferent and efferent neurons in neural pathways

23
Q

What are the two major functional properties of neurons?

A
  • Irritability
  • Conductivity
24
Q

What in the irritability of a neuron?

A

The ability to respond to a stimulus by producing a nerve impulse

25
Q

What is the conductivity of a neuron?

A

The ability to transmit impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands

26
Q

What does it mean for a resting neuron to be polarized?

A

The inner face of the plasma membrane is relatively negative compared to its outer face

27
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

The way in which nerve impulses are propagated along myelinated fibres, where the impulse jumps from node to node

28
Q

What are somatic reflexes?

A

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

29
Q

What are autonomic reflexes?

A

Reflexes that regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands

30
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

The neural pathway of a reflex

31
Q

What are the five elements of every reflex arc?

A
  • A receptor
  • An effector
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
  • The CNS integration centre
32
Q

What are the four major regions of the brain?

A
  • The cerebral hemispheres
  • The diencephalon
  • The brain stem
  • The cerebellum
33
Q

What are the left and right hemispheres collectively called?

A

The cerebrum

34
Q

What are gyri?

A

The elevated ridges of tissue all over the entire surface of the cerebrum

35
Q

What are sulci?

A

Shallow grooves/furrows that separate the gyri

36
Q

What are fissures?

A

The deepest depressions or inward folds of the brain that separate large regions

37
Q

What are the three basic regions of each cerebral hemisphere?

A
  • The superficial cortex of grey matter (cerebral cortex)
  • An internal area of white matter
  • The basal nuclei
38
Q

What are basal nuclei?

A

Islands of grey matter situated deep within the white matter

39
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The outer grey matter of the cerebrum

40
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

The large fibre tract of the cerebral white matter that connects the cerebral hemispheres and allows communication between them

41
Q

What is the basal nuclei/basal ganglia?

A

Grey matter areas deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres

42
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

A tight band of projection fibres that passes between the thalamus and basal nuclei

43
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

The part of the forebrain between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain

44
Q

What brain structures does the diencephalon contain?

A
  • The thalamus
  • The hypothalamus
  • The epithalamus
45
Q

What are the three structures of the brain stem?

A
  • The midbrain
  • The pons
  • The medulla oblongata
46
Q

Which brain structure contains many nuclei that regulate vital visceral activities?

A

The medulla oblongata

47
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Three connective tissue membranes that cover and protect the CNS structures

48
Q

What are the three connective tissue membranes of the meninges?

A
  • The dura mater
  • The arachnoid mater
  • The pia mater

BIOM*2000 (16 decks)

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