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BIOM*2000 > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another

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2
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

The study of large, easily observable body structures

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3
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

The study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

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4
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

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5
Q

What are the five main levels of structural organization in the human body?

A
  • The chemical level
  • The cellular level
  • The tissue level
  • The organ level
  • The organism level
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6
Q

What occurs at the chemical level of structural organization?

A

Atoms combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, and proteins, like those that make up muscles

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7
Q

What are atoms?

A

The smallest part of an element, indivisible by ordinary chemical means

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8
Q

What occurs at the cellular level of structural organization?

A

Molecules associate in specific ways to form cells

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9
Q

What are cells?

A

The most basic biological unit of living organisms

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10
Q

What occurs at the tissue level of structural organization?

A

Similar cells that have a common function, combine to form tissues

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11
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
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12
Q

What becomes possible at the organ level of structural organization?

A

Extremely complex functions

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13
Q

What are organs?

A

Structures composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body

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14
Q

What are organ systems?

A

Groups of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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15
Q

What occurs at the organism level of structural organization?

A

The sum total of all structural levels work together to keep organisms alive

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16
Q

How many organ systems make up the human body?

A

11

17
Q

What are the 11 organ systems?

A

MURDERS LINC: Muscular, Urinary, Reproductive, Digestive, Endocrine, Respiratory, Skeletal, Lymphatic, Integumentary, Nervous, Cardiovascular

18
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of?

A

The external covering of the body (skin), hair, and fingernails

19
Q

What vitamin does the integumentary product when expose it excess

A

Vitamin D

20
Q

What three things does the skeletal system consist of?

A
  • Bones
  • Cartilages
  • Joints
21
Q

T or F: Bones store minerals.

A

True

22
Q

What does the muscular system consist of?

A

Skeletal muscles and their connective tissue attachments

23
Q

What is the only function of muscles?

A

To contract and cause movement

24
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

Large, fleshy muscles attached to bones

25
Q

What fours things does the nervous system consist of?

A
  • The brain
  • The spinal cord
  • Nerves
  • Sensory receptors
26
Q

What is the role of sensory receptors?

A

To detect internal and external changes

27
Q

What are nerve impulses?

A

The electrical signals sent by sensory receptors to the central nervous system

28
Q

What are the two effectors?

A
  • Muscles
  • Glands
29
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Ductless glands that produce and release hormones into the blood to travel to distant target organs

30
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers responsible for regulatory effects on certain cells, tissues, and organs

31
Q

Using blood as a carrier, what are two things the cardiovascular system does?

A
  • Delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other substances to cells
  • Picks up waste from cells (ex. Carbon dioxide)
32
Q

T or F: The lymphatic system compliments the cardiovascular system.

A

True

33
Q

When fluid is leaked into tissues from the blood, what returns it to the blood stream?

A

Lymphatic vessels

34
Q

What are the two primary roles of the respiratory system?

A
  • Supply the body with oxygen
  • Remove carbon dioxide
35
Q

What are the two primary roles of the digestive system?

A
  • Break down food
  • Deliver nutrients to the blood for dispersal
36
Q

Why is the liver considered a digestive organ?

A

Because it produces bile to help break down fats

37
Q

T or F: The pancreas is considered to be both an endocrine and digestive organ

A

True

38
Q

What are the three primary roles of the urinary system?

A
  • Maintain the body’s water-salt (electrolyte) balance
  • Regulate the acid-base balance of the blood
  • Help regulate normal blood pressure

BIOM*2000 (16 decks)

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