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Psychology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main components of the nervous system

A

The central nervous system(CNS), and the peripheral nervous system(PNS)

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2
Q

What are the two components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

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3
Q

What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

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4
Q

What are the two components of the central nervous system

A

Spinal Cord and the Brain

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5
Q

What does the brain provide

A

Conscious Awareness

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6
Q

The brain is involved in all

A

Psychological Processes

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7
Q

What are the four main lobes of the brain

A

Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital Lobe

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8
Q

What does the occipital lobe process

A

Visual information

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9
Q

What does the temporal lobe process

A

Auditory Information

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10
Q

What does the Parietal lobe do

A

Integrates information from the different senses and therefore plays and important role in spatial navigation

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11
Q

What is the frontal lobe associated with

A

Higher-order functions, including planning, abstract reasoning and logic

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12
Q

What connects the brain and the spinal cord together

A

The brain stem

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13
Q

What does the brain stem control

A

Involuntary processes

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14
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord

A

To transfer messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body, and simple reflex actions that don’t involve the brain

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15
Q

What is the role of the peripheral nervous system(PNS)

A

To relay messages from the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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16
Q

What does the somatic nervous system facilitate

A

Communication between the CNS and the outside world and provide muscle responses via the motor pathways

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17
Q

The somatic nervous system is made up of

A

Sensory receptors and motor pathways

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18
Q

What do sensory receptors do

A

Carry information to the spinal cord and brain

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19
Q

What do motor pathways do

A

all the brain to control movement

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20
Q

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in

A

Homeostasis

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21
Q

The autonomic nervous system only consists of

A

Motor pathways

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22
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is typically involved in responses that prepare the body for

A

Fight of flight

23
Q

During the sympathetic nervous system impulses travel from it to organs in the body to

A

Prepare for action when we are faced with a dangerous situation

24
Q

What’s the role of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

To relax the body and return us to our normal resting state

25
Q

What are the three main types of neurons

A

Sensory, relay and motor

25
Q

Where are sensory neurons found

A

Receptors such as eyes, ears, tongue, skin

26
Q

Where do sensory neurons carry nerve impukses

A

to the spinal cord and brain

27
Q

When sensory neurons nerve impulses reach the brain they are translated into

A

sensations, such as vision, hearing taste and touch

28
Q

Not all sensory neurons reach the brain some stop at the

A

spinal cord for quick for quick reflexes

29
Q

What are relay neurons found between

A

Between sensory input and motor output/response

30
Q

Where are relay neurons found

A

In the brain and the spinal cord

31
Q

Relay neurons allow

A

Sensory and motor neurons to communicate

32
Q

Where are motor neurons found

A

In the central nervous system

33
Q

What do motor neurons control

A

Muscle movements

34
Q

When motor neurons are stimulated they release

A

neurotransmitters

35
Q

What do neurotransmitters stimulated by motor neurons do

A

Bind to the receptors on muscles to trigger a response which lead to movement

36
Q

What are the four components of a sensory neuron

A

Receptor cell, myelin sheath, axon, cell body

37
Q

What are the four components of a relay neuron

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon, pre-synaptic terminal

38
Q

What are the five components of motor neurons

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, neurofibril node

39
Q

What do dendrites do

A

Receive signals from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells

40
Q

What does the cell body contain

A

The nucleus

41
Q

The axon carries nerve impulses in the form of an electrical signal known as

A

Action Potential

42
Q

The axon carries the action potential away from the cell body towards

A

The axon terminals, where the neuron ends

43
Q

Most axons are surrounded by a

A

Myelin sheath (except rekay neurons)

44
Q

Benefit of myelin sheath

A

Electrical impulses travel faster along the axon

45
Q

The axon terminal connects neuron to other neurons(or directly to organs) using a process called

A

Synaptic transmission

46
Q

What is the synaptic gap

A

Between the pre-synaptic neuron and the post-synaptic neuron

47
Q

Where are synaptic vesicles found

A

At the end of the neuron in the axon terminal

48
Q

Synaptic vesicles contain chemical messengers known as

A

Neurotransmitters

49
Q

When the action potential reaches the synaptic vesicles they

A

release their contents of neurotransmitters

50
Q

Once neurotransmitters have carried the signal across the synaptic gap they (synaptic transmission)

A

Bind to receptor sites on the post-synaptic cell that then become activated

51
Q

Once receptors have been activated they either produce

A

Excitatory or inhibitory effects on the post-synaptic cell

52
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters make the post-synaptic cell

A

more likely to fire

53
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters make post synaptic cells

A

Less likely to fire

Psychology (8 decks)

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