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Psychology > Issues and Debates Definitions > Flashcards

Issues and Debates Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Alpha Bias

A

When differences between males and females are maximised

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2
Q

What is the definition of Andocentrism

A

A bias towards male-centred view. When behaviour is judged to be normal when compared against a male standard

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3
Q

What is the definition of Beta Bias

A

When differences between males and females are minimised

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4
Q

What is the definition of Biological Determinism

A

The idea that all human behaviour stems from your genetic code

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5
Q

What is the definition of Biological reductionism

A

The idea that behaviour can be reduced to simple physical components such as nerves and ions

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6
Q

What is the definition of Cultural Relativism

A

To view a person’s culture from the perspective of someone within that culture rather than your own

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7
Q

What is the definition of Determinism

A

The idea that things are predetermined and everything has a cause

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8
Q

What is the definition of Environmental Determinism

A

The idea that all human behaviour is a direct result of the environment and outside forces

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9
Q

What is the definition of Environmental Reductionism

A

The idea that behaviour can be reduced to simple response stimuli

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10
Q

What is the definition of Ethnocentrism

A

A bias towards your own culture, and judging other cultures by that subjective standard

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11
Q

What is the definition of Hard Determinism

A

The idea that free will is non-existent all choices and behaviour arise due to pre-existent causes

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12
Q

What is the definition of Holism

A

A type of learning approach that suggests that to understand human behaviour we must look at the human as a whole

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13
Q

What is the definition of Idiographic Approach

A

A type of learning approach that suggest we should focus on the unique experiences of an individual to understand human behaviour

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14
Q

What is the definition of Interactionist Approach

A

The idea that all human behaviour has multiple causes that stem from the simplest causes (genes) all the way to complex causes (social and cultural systems)

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15
Q

What is the definition of Nomothetic Approach

A

A type of learning approach that suggests we should establish general laws of behaviour that can be applied to all people to understand human behaviour

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16
Q

What is the definition of psychic determinism

A

The idea that all human behaviour is a result of unconscious mental processes

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17
Q

What is the definition of reductionism

A

A type of learning approach that suggest that to understand human behaviour we must reduce it to it’s simplest parts

18
Q

What is the definition of Social Sensitivity

A

The possibility for studies to have results that could negatively impact some groups of people

19
Q

What is the definition of Soft Determinism

A

The idea that although the choices we pick from are limited and predetermined, humans still have the free will to pick within these predetermined choices

20
Q

What is the definition of nature

A

The innate, internal factors

21
Q

What is the definition of nurture

A

External factors, environment and experiences

22
Q

What is the definition of a Nativists

A

A person who believes behaviour is innate

23
Q

What is the definition of Empiricists

A

A person who believes that behaviour is influenced by external influences

24
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model

A

How psychological disorders might be related to both nature and nurture and how those two components might interact with one another

25
Q

What is heritability coefficient

A

How much of the variation seen in a certain trait within a population can be attributed to genetic variation as opposed to environment

26
Q

What is the definition of epigenetics

A

How behaviour and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

27
Q

What is the definition of Eugenics

A

Selective Breeding

28
Q

What is the definition of Behaviour Shaping

A

A form of behaviour modification

29
Q

What is the definition of Constructivism

A

An approach to learning that says that people actively construct or make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the experiences of the learner

30
Q

What is the definition of niche-picking

A

When people choose environments that compliment their heredity

31
Q

What is passive interaction

A

When parents pass on genes and the environment

32
Q

What is the definition of niche-building

A

When an organism alters their own environment

33
Q

What is evocative interaction

A

Heritable traits influence the reactions which provides an environment

34
Q

What is active interaction

A

A child’s heritable traits influence their choice of environment

35
Q

What is machine reductionism

A

Comparing people’s behaviour to a computer

36
Q

What is holism

A

Analysing the person or behaviour as a whole

37
Q

What is free will

A

Suggests that as humans we are essentially self-determining and free to choose our thoughts and actions

38
Q

What does reductionism mean

A

Human behaviour can be explained by breaking it down into smaller components

39
Q

what are ethical implications

A

concern the consequences that psychological research may have

40
Q

What is social sensitivity

A

Studies were there are potential social consequences for the participants for the group of people represented by the research

41
Q

What is the importance of research questions

A

The way in which research questions are phrased and investigated may influence the way in which findings are interpreted

42
Q
A

Psychology (8 decks)

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