Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1010 | Bioscience 1 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Controls body systems between all body components.
Transmits signals between the brain and the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

Brain (protected by skull)
Spinal cord (protected by vertebra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is neuron irratability?

A

The ability a neuron has to detect and react to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is neuron conductivity?

A

The ability a neuron has to transmit signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do sensory nerves do?

A

Carry signals to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Carry signals to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Olfactory nerve

Crainal nerve I

A

(Sensory nerve)
The nerves of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Optic nerve

Cranial nerve II

A

(Sensory nerve)
The nerves of sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oculomotor nerve

Cranial nerve III

A

(Motor nerve)
For movement of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trochlear nerve

Cranial nerve IV

A

(Motor nerve)
Movement of the eye inwards & downwards by superior oblique muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trigeminal nerve

Crainal nerve V

A

(Sensory and motor)
Nerves for face sensations (sensory) and chewing (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abducens nerve

Cranial nerve VI

A

(Motor nerve)
Movement of the eye outwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Facial nerves

Cranial nerve VII

A

(Sensory and motor nerve)
Taste perception (sensory) and face movement (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Cranial nerve VIII

A

(Sensory nerve)
Nerves for hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Cranial nerve IX

A

(Sensory and motor nerves)
Nerves for throat sensations, taste and swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vagnus nerve

Cranial nerve X

A

(Sensory and motor nerve)
Nerves for movement, sensations and abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Accessory nerve

Cranial nerve XI

A

(Motor nerve)
Neck movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

Cranial nerve XII

A

(Motor nerve)
Tongue movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CN II

A

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CN VII

A

Facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CN X

A

Vagnus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory nerve

31
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

32
Q

Functions of the NS?

A

Sensory input (detects surroundings)
Integration (information interpretation)
Motor output (facilitate a response)

33
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

34
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Emotions, motor control and reasoning

35
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Interprets touch and pain
Identifies objects

36
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Visual information and colour

37
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Auditory and speech comprehension

38
Q

CN I

Neurological assessment

A

Olfactory- smell
“have you noticed any changes in smell recently, or any smells that are inappropiate such as burning”

39
Q

CN II

Neurological assessment

A

Optic- visual
reading at distance (both eyes completed seperately)
PEARL
accommodation reflex (focus on near and far)
visual inattention (finger moving at peripherals)

40
Q

CN III, IV, VI

Neurological assessment

A

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI).
cardinal field of gaze (H test)

41
Q

CN V, VII

Neurological assessment

A

Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII)
soft touch sensation (equal at all points on both sides)
pin-prick sensation (equal at all points on both sides)
facial movements and muscle bulk all against resistance (raise eyebrows, frown, clentch jaw, scruntch eyes, puff out cheeks, show teeth)

42
Q

CN VIII

Neurological assessment

A

Vestibulocochlear- hearing
whisper number and have it repeated (both sides)
russle hands behind ears (be told which ear)

43
Q

CN IX, X

Neurological assessment

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)
tongue out [aghhh] (view uvula)
cough
swallowing (with water)

44
Q

CN XI

Neurological assessment

A

Accessory
shrug shoulders (against resistance)
rotation of head (against resistance)

45
Q

CN XII

Neurological assessment

A

Hypoglossal
inspect tongue at rest
inspect tongue protuded out
assess tongue power, side into cheek (against resistance)
tongue around teeth

46
Q

Lower limbs

Neurological assessment

A

heel to toe walk
walk on toes
walk on heels
balance with eyes shut

47
Q

What does the nervous system consist of

A

CNS and PNS

48
Q

The meninges

A

3 layers of tissue to protect the cerebellum
Dura mater- outside layer closest to skull, allows venous blood to act as a drainage system
Arachnoid mater- middle layer, passing convulsions of the brain
Pia mater- contours cerebellum, acting as a support system

49
Q

What do the ventricles of the brain secrete

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

50
Q

What does CSF consist of

A

Water, minerals, creatine, glucose

51
Q

What does the CSF do

A

Provide buoyancy

52
Q

Where is the brain

A

Sits in the cranial cavity

53
Q

What is the brain divided by

A

Two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum

54
Q

What is the cerebellum

A

The largest part of the brain, divided into four lobes

55
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

Composed of grey mater at the surface where nerve cells are
And white mater within where the nerve fibres are

56
Q

What are cerebral tracts

A

Carry sensory and motor messages
Association tracts- connect hemispheres between gyri
Projection tracts- connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord by the internal capsule
Commiserate tracts- connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

57
Q

What are motor tracts

A

Happen between the brain and spinal cord through a motor relay station, creating pathways to skeletal muscle.
Upper motor neurone from motor cortex descends through the internal capsule to the medulla, crosses side to travel into spinal cord. Synapses upper MN with lower MN, allowing it to travel to a target muscle cell.

58
Q

Due to the motor neurone crossing…

A

Muscle control on the right side of the body is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain.
The body is represented as upside down as upper cells control feet and legs.
Different areas of the cerebrum represent different areas of the body and the size represents complexity of its function

59
Q

What does the thalamus do

A

Recognise information about touch, pain and temperature

60
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Controls output of hormones with the pituitary gland

61
Q

The brainstem

A

Where nerve fibres have a relay station between the brain and spinal cord.
Consisting of the midbrain, pons, medulla

62
Q

What does the medulla do

A

Regulate CVS and RESP by receiving information about blood flow, O2 and CO2

63
Q

What is the spinal cord

A

The nervous tissue linking the brain to the body
Impulses are transmitted by motor nerves through the spinal cord
It receives sensory input to travel to the brain

64
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs
Spinal cord consists of white and grey mater, with motor neurones at the front and sensory neurones at the back.
White mater surrounds the grey mater and contains axons for smooth communication

65
Q

The cauda equina

A

At the root of the spinal cord
Where nerves extend beyond here
Sends and received signals between lower limbs and pelvic organs

66
Q

The PNS

A

Consists of all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

67
Q

PNS transmission of nerves

A

Efferent- transmit away from brain and spinal cord
Afferent- transmit towards the brain and spinal cord

68
Q

Somatic NS

A

Where voluntary and conscious control actions are made

69
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Where unconscious reflexes occur.
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

70
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Responsible for fight or flight response
Increase HR, RR
Decrease digestion and urination

71
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Responsible for resting
Decrease in HR, RR
Increase in digestion and urination

72
Q

How do the spinal nerves divide

A

Into rami, forming large plexus of cells
To prevent injury to entire spinal nerve

73
Q

Thoracic nerves

A

12 pairs

74
Q

Where do CN originate

A

Brainstem

1010 | Bioscience 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions