RESP VIVA

Question 1

The nose and nasal cavity

Answer 1

Main point of air entry, providing warming and humidifying of air.
Has a protective function via the hairs known as cilia and mucus to catch air particles.

Question 2

The soft and hard palette

Answer 2

Form the roof of the mouth and structure for the pharynx

Question 3

The pharynx

Answer 3

Split into three.
With the oropharynx and Nasopharynx providing structure and regulating air flow

Question 4

The larynx

Answer 4

A continuation of the pharynx
Known as the voice box
Controlling airflow

Question 5

The oesophagus

Answer 5

Involved in both the respiratory and digestive system.

Question 6

The trachea

Answer 6

Extends down from the larynx to where it branches into each lung at the carnea of the trachea and into bronchi

Question 7

The bronchi

Answer 7

Further divide into bronchioles, then into alveoli where gas exchange occurs

Question 8

The lungs

Answer 8

Sit in the thoracic cavity
The right is slightly bigger than the left due to where the heart sits
The right has 3 lobes- superior, middle, inferior
The left has 2 lobes- superior, inferior
Surrounded by plura which acts as a protective barrier of membrane

Question 9

Main functions of the respiratory system

Answer 9

Provide a surface area for gas exchange to occur.
Allowing air to move along the respiratory tract to the lungs.
Oxygen is extracted from the atmosphere and carbon dioxide is excreted.

Question 10

What is respiration

Answer 10

The exchange of gases between body cells and the environment
Consisting of breathing and gas exchange

Question 11

What is breathing

Answer 11

The movement of air down the respiratory tract to the lungs
Works due to the use of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 12

What is the diaphragm

Answer 12

Creates the floor of the thoracic cavity and the roof of the abdominal
Able to move up and down during breathing

Question 13

Vital capacity

Answer 13

Happens as expiration happens
The total amount of air left in the lungs after a normal exhalation
The total volume of the lungs, equal to the inspiratory reserve volume and the expiratory reserve volume

Question 14

Gas exchange

Answer 14

Occurs at the alveoli in the lungs and at the tissue,
Due to diffusion from a higher pressure gradient to a lower pressure gradient
Until equilibrium is established

Question 15

Gas exchange at the lungs and at the tissue

Answer 15

Tissue- CO2 is diffused out and O2 is diffused in
Lungs- O2 is diffused out and CO2 is diffused in

Question 16

Why does gas exchange occur at the alveoli in the lungs

Answer 16

Because it is structured by a single layer of epithelial cells

Question 17

Explain gas exchange at the alveoli

Answer 17

Deoxygenated blood comes from the heart via the pulmonary artery, this is saturated with CO2
At the capillaries surrounding the alveoli CO2 diffuses into the alveoli and O2 gets diffused from the alveoli into the blood stream to travel back to the heart via the pulmonary vein

Question 18

What is CO2

Answer 18

A waste product of respiration

Question 19

Transportation of CO2

Answer 19

Through a CO2 carriage that occurs at both the lungs and at the tissue

Question 20

CO2 carriage at the tissue

Answer 20

Diffuses down a concentration gradient, out of the tissue and into the RBC
In the RBC, CO2 and H2O become catalysed by carbonic anhydrase to form H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
H2CO3 is hydrolysed into H+ ions which can travel in the blood.

Question 21

CO2 carriage at the lungs

Answer 21

The RBC has H2CO3 which catalyses into H2O and CO2 to allow the CO2 to travel the concentration gradient into the alveoli for expiration

Question 22

Why does the CO2 carriage happen

Answer 22

To maintain electroneutrality of the RBC

Question 23

What does the O2 dissociation curve show

Answer 23

The relationship between particle pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturations of haemoglobin.
Showing how saturated haemoglobin is with oxygen at different particle pressures.

Question 24

Oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 24

Hb + O2 = HbO2