ADME & Pharmacology Flashcards
What legislation regulates the use of all medicines?
two acts, one regulation
Medicines Act 1968
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1985
What are the categories of medications?
GSL- General sales list
POM- Prescription only medication
P- Pharmacy medication
What are drugs?
A substance taken orally, by injection, inhailed or applied topically.
They can originate from plant, animal, mineral, micro-organism, labatory.
The three names of drugs?
chemical, generic, trade.
The DETOUR acronym
D- drug
E- expiry
T- time
O- options for administration
U- units
R- record
The 6 R’s
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right patient
Right time
Right documentation
Routes of drug administration
Oral (PO)
Intravenous (IV)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intraosseous (IO)
Intradermal (ID)
Transdermalt
Inhailed/ Nebulizer
Suppository
Subcutaneous (SQ)
Intrathecal
Pulmonary
Sublingual (SL)
Umbilical
What is bioavailability?
the extent of drug absorption
(proportion of drug reaching circulation unaltered)
What is meant by ‘A’?
ADME
Absorption.
Influences to allow for drug absorption include:
-PH
-Dosage form
-Lipid solubility
-Drug concentration
-Ionization of drug
-Absorbing surface
-Size of drug molecule
-Blood flow to administeration site
What is meant by ‘D’?
ADME
Distribution.
The transport of a drug to the target site
Factors include:
-Blood flow
-Plasma protein binding
-Blood brain barrier
-Placental barrier
-Storage sites
What is meant by ‘M’?
ADME
Metabolism.
The process where a drug is chemically converted to a metabolite
Done to detoxify a drug and have less activity
What is meant by ‘E’?
ADME
Excretion
The elimination of toxins or inactive metabolites
Organs of extretion include:
-Kidneys
-Liver
-Intestine
-Lungs
-Sweat and salivary glands
-Mammory glands
Agonist Dose Response Curve
A graph displaying the point where the effect of the drug is no longer increased by an increased dose.
Called the theraputic dose.
How are drugs measured?
Weight.
Quantity of a drug is suspended in ml, mg.
