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Visual Art > The Neolitic period > Flashcards

The Neolitic period Flashcards

4000 BC -2000 BC

1
Q

What period preceded the neolithic period?

A

Mesolithic period (10,000 - 4000BC)

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2
Q

Why was there no artwork in the period that preceded the neolithic period?

A

hunter gathers would have moved with the seasons in search of food.Their daily struggle to stay alive would have left little time to be creative and produce works od art.

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3
Q

When was the neolithic period?

A

4000BC- 2000 BC

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4
Q

what is the orgin of the word neolithic

A

neolithic / new stone age. Neo-New, Lith- stone

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5
Q

In what way did the neolithic people differ from their predecessors?

A

it was the start of gradual introduction of farming techniques. They lived in settled communities and became settled enough to think beyond survival. By building monuments to their dead

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6
Q

name the 4 types of neolithic tombs and give an example and the location of each

A

portal dolmen- the burre in Co clare
wedge tombs - gleninsheen, the burren Co clare
court cairnes - creevykeel Co.sligo
Passage tombs- newgrange-the boyne valley,meath

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7
Q

What is a portal dolmen

A

simplest forms 3-7 legs supporting one or two capstones.Two large upright stoes acted as portals or door supports.May have been covered by a cairn.

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8
Q

What is a wedge tomb

A

large stone blox with a sloping roob slab.

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9
Q

What is a court cairns

A

u shaped courtyard without a roof.Large upright stones,orthostats formed the entrance. perhaps used for religious ceremonies and cremation

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10
Q

What is a passage tomb

A

a corridor formed of two rows of massive,vertical stone slabs called ‘orthostats’ With other slabs resting on the top to form a rood-buried underneath a artifical hill or stones (cairn)

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11
Q

name and give the location of irelands best preserved passage tomb and when it was dated

A

Newgrange, the boyne valley in co meath 3200BC

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12
Q

What does UNESCO stand for

A

united national edcuational scientinfic edcuational and cultural organisation

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13
Q

Where is bru na boinne

A

50Km north of Dublin. A bend on the boyne- concentration of megalithic tombs

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14
Q

Are there other types of tomb surrounding the area?

A

no,only passage tombs

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15
Q

Name the river near newgrange

A

river boyne

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16
Q

why would have the neolithic people settled here

A

the river would have been an essential resource for this emerging farming society.The boyne functioned as transporting trade + communciation.Freshwater source and food source.

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17
Q

Why do you think the neothlic people had plenty of food?

A

The river land was fertile,used for farming,Migration of salmon,they could think about more than just survival.

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18
Q

What was the function of newgrange

A

act as a place to saftly put the remains of their creamated dead into stone basins within the recesses of the inner chamber

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19
Q

name other possible functions of newgrange

A

ritualistic purposes,celebration and worship to pagan gods.Calender,newgrange had a dinstinct solar aliment

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20
Q

What was the function of the roof box?

A

The box is situated high above the entrance.Four minutes after sunrise during the winter solstice.The sun rays shine hrough the gap in the roof box and light up the decoration on the sides and ends of the chambers

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21
Q

why do you think the roofbox exists

A

many believed the sun was worshipped by the pagan people as it revives the earth and bring life in spring

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22
Q

on what days does the phenomenon take place

A

18-23 december

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23
Q

how long does the illumation last for

A

17 mins

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24
Q

when was the function if the roof box discovered in the modern times

A

1963

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25
Q

external highest point of newgrange

A

11m

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26
Q

Internal highest point

A

6m

27
Q

diameter of newgrange

A

80m

28
Q

Number and functions of kerbstones

A

97 kerbstones, ancient form of language.Mapp chart of local landscape represent dreams or hallucinations.

29
Q

name the external features of new grange

A

the cairn/Tumulus/ mound
white quartz facade
entrance
roof bos
entrance stone
monoliths
kerbstones

30
Q

which direction does the passage face

A

southeast

31
Q

leght of passage

A

19m

32
Q

Shape of inner chamer

A

cruciform chamber (three recesses)

33
Q

how many orthostats line the passage on the left and on the right

A

21 on right,22 on left

34
Q

name the most famous symbol found in newgrange

A

triple sprial

35
Q

What does the triple sprial symbolise

A

cycle of birth, life,deah

36
Q

where is thr triple sprial found in newgrange

A

K1, K51

37
Q

Where in newgrange is the corbel vault located

A

the roof of the hamber

38
Q

decribe a corbel vault found in newgrange

A

the edges of the corbels are sloped downwards so that the rinwater drains off nd the chambers remain dry.

39
Q

how were the corbel cault constructed

A

when slabs are placed on top of eavhother so that ones rests partially on the one beneath it and out so that there is a gradual rise in height.No mortor.Ome large stoneot capstone on the chamber roof outside

40
Q

what was the function of the basin stones

A

hold remains of the dead

41
Q

describe the stone basins

A

these stones have a sunken shape in the centre

42
Q

what was found near the stone basins and what was their funstion

A

stone bone beads were found nearby-possibly acted as offerings to be placed with the dead

43
Q

what type of stones are the basin stones made up of

A

granite

44
Q

whate is the diameter of the upper basin

A

approx 1m

45
Q

what distance re the monoliths from the tumulus?

A

15 m

46
Q

how many monoliths remain and how many were there orginally?

A

12, 35

47
Q

describe the designs/motifs

A

abstract,geometric designs

48
Q

name and draw the symbols

A
  • Concentric circles
  • sprials
  • triple sprial
  • arcs
  • chevrons
  • triangles
  • lozengs
  • parallel lines
  • radials
  • serpentine-forms (waves)
49
Q

How were the designs made? on the kerbstones

A

Drawn freehand and carved into smooth face of greywackle boulders

50
Q

name three things that the designs could possibly mean

A

ancient form of written language-name of those buried inside
a form of map or chart,relte to local landscapes/stars or planets
they may represent dreams or hallucinations

51
Q

why do welll feel the carving were of mjor significance

A

their importance is seem through time and skill to carve them

52
Q

what was the deep carving technique known as

A

chip carving/pick dressing

53
Q

what was used to carve the designs

A

flint(pointed stone)possibly driven by a hevier hammer stone.

54
Q

describe the carving technique

A

the designs were carved out bit by bit using flint then smoothed over with a pebble.Very deep designs were carved into stone

55
Q

what technique was used for the shallow motifs made

A

incison

56
Q

list designs present on K1

A

lonzenges
triple sprial
central vertical line
arcs
double sprial
arched wavy lines
lonzenges

57
Q

Name designs present on K 51

A

double sprial
lozegnges
large grouve
arcs
oblong shapes
(contains naturally formed grove and pockmarks)

58
Q

Name three tyes of stone used at newgrange and their orgins

A

greywackle-clogherhead Co louth (inner passage ways)
granite bourlders- dundalk Bay
white quartz-wicklow mountains-facade

59
Q

How were the stones brought to newgrange?

A

carried bu ship alon the sea and up into the river boyne,transported via logrolling

60
Q

name the architrct in the discover and resotiation of newgrange

A

Micheal O’Kelly

61
Q

What did the drought of 2018 reveal in the Bru na Boinne area

A

details of monuments near newgrange.
it shows that the dru na boinne area is much more complex and diverse than anyone could have imagined. And there must have been huge population involved in the construction of these enormous structures

62
Q

Name three things we can tell about these people from their extraordinry and mysterous tombs

A

highlt sophisticated and intelligent society.Engineering skills.Organised spritial belief in the afterlife,Highly organised,dertimed and inventive.

63
Q

Name the other two major passage tombs found at bru na boinne

A

knowth and dowth

64
Q

what artifact was found at knowth

A

ceremonial macehead.

Visual Art (11 decks)

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