The Neolitic period

Question 1

What period preceded the neolithic period?

Answer 1

Mesolithic period (10,000 - 4000BC)

Question 2

Why was there no artwork in the period that preceded the neolithic period?

Answer 2

hunter gathers would have moved with the seasons in search of food.Their daily struggle to stay alive would have left little time to be creative and produce works od art.

Question 3

When was the neolithic period?

Answer 3

4000BC- 2000 BC

Question 4

what is the orgin of the word neolithic

Answer 4

neolithic / new stone age. Neo-New, Lith- stone

Question 5

In what way did the neolithic people differ from their predecessors?

Answer 5

it was the start of gradual introduction of farming techniques. They lived in settled communities and became settled enough to think beyond survival. By building monuments to their dead

Question 6

name the 4 types of neolithic tombs and give an example and the location of each

Answer 6

portal dolmen- the burre in Co clare
wedge tombs - gleninsheen, the burren Co clare
court cairnes - creevykeel Co.sligo
Passage tombs- newgrange-the boyne valley,meath

Question 7

What is a portal dolmen

Answer 7

simplest forms 3-7 legs supporting one or two capstones.Two large upright stoes acted as portals or door supports.May have been covered by a cairn.

Question 8

What is a wedge tomb

Answer 8

large stone box with a sloping roof slab.

Question 9

What is a court cairns

Answer 9

u shaped courtyard without a roof.Large upright stones,orthostats formed the entrance. perhaps used for religious ceremonies and cremation

Question 10

What is a passage tomb

Answer 10

a corridor formed of two rows of massive,vertical stone slabs called ‘orthostats’ With other slabs resting on the top to form a rood-buried underneath a artifical hill or stones (cairn)

Question 11

name and give the location of irelands best preserved passage tomb and when it was dated

Answer 11

Newgrange, the boyne valley in co meath 3200BC

Question 12

What does UNESCO stand for

Answer 12

united national edcuational scientinfic edcuational and cultural organisation

Question 13

Where is bru na boinne

Answer 13

50Km north of Dublin. A bend on the boyne- concentration of megalithic tombs

Question 14

Are there other types of tomb surrounding the area?

Answer 14

no,only passage tombs

Question 15

Name the river near newgrange

Answer 15

river boyne

Question 16

why would have the neolithic people settled here

Answer 16

the river would have been an essential resource for this emerging farming society.The boyne functioned as transporting trade + communciation.Freshwater source and food source.

Question 17

Why do you think the neothlic people had plenty of food?

Answer 17

The river land was fertile,used for farming,Migration of salmon,they could think about more than just survival.

Question 18

What was the function of newgrange

Answer 18

act as a place to saftly put the remains of their creamated dead into stone basins within the recesses of the inner chamber

Question 19

name other possible functions of newgrange

Answer 19

ritualistic purposes,celebration and worship to pagan gods.Calender,newgrange had a dinstinct solar aliment

Question 20

What was the function of the roof box?

Answer 20

The box is situated high above the entrance.Four minutes after sunrise during the winter solstice.The sun rays shine hrough the gap in the roof box and light up the decoration on the sides and ends of the chambers

Question 21

why do you think the roofbox exists

Answer 21

many believed the sun was worshipped by the pagan people as it revives the earth and bring life in spring

Question 22

on what days does the phenomenon take place

Answer 22

18-23 december

Question 23

how long does the illumation last for

Answer 23

17 mins

Question 24

when was the function if the roof box discovered in the modern times

Answer 24

1963

Question 25

external highest point of newgrange

Answer 25

11m

Question 26

Internal highest point

Answer 26

6m

Question 27

diameter of newgrange

Answer 27

80m

Question 28

Number and functions of kerbstones

Answer 28

97 kerbstones, ancient form of language.Mapp chart of local landscape represent dreams or hallucinations.

Question 29

name the external features of new grange

Answer 29

the cairn/Tumulus/ mound white quartz facade entrance roof bos entrance stone monoliths kerbstones

Question 30

which direction does the passage face

Answer 30

southeast

Question 31

leght of passage

Answer 31

19m

Question 32

Shape of inner chamer

Answer 32

cruciform chamber (three recesses)

Question 33

how many orthostats line the passage on the left and on the right

Answer 33

21 on right,22 on left

Question 34

name the most famous symbol found in newgrange

Answer 34

triple sprial

Question 35

What does the triple sprial symbolise

Answer 35

cycle of birth, life,deah

Question 36

where is thr triple sprial found in newgrange

Answer 36

K1

Question 37

Where in newgrange is the corbel vault located

Answer 37

the roof of the hamber

Question 38

decribe a corbel vault found in newgrange

Answer 38

the edges of the corbels are sloped downwards so that the rinwater drains off nd the chambers remain dry.

Question 39

how were the corbel cault constructed

Answer 39

when slabs are placed on top of eavhother so that ones rests partially on the one beneath it and out so that there is a gradual rise in height.No mortor.Ome large stoneot capstone on the chamber roof outside

Question 40

what was the function of the basin stones

Answer 40

hold remains of the dead

Question 41

describe the stone basins

Answer 41

these stones have a sunken shape in the centre

Question 42

what was found near the stone basins and what was their funstion

Answer 42

stone bone beads were found nearby-possibly acted as offerings to be placed with the dead

Question 43

what type of stones are the basin stones made up of

Answer 43

granite

Question 44

whate is the diameter of the upper basin

Answer 44

approx 1m

Question 45

what distance re the monoliths from the tumulus?

Answer 45

15 m

Question 46

how many monoliths remain and how many were there orginally?

Answer 46

12, 35

Question 47

describe the designs/motifs

Answer 47

abstract,geometric designs

Question 48

name and draw the symbols

Answer 48

* Concentric circles * sprials * triple sprial * arcs * chevrons * triangles * lozengs * parallel lines * radials * serpentine-forms (waves)

Question 49

How were the designs made? on the kerbstones

Answer 49

Drawn freehand and carved into smooth face of greywackle boulders

Question 50

name three things that the designs could possibly mean

Answer 50

ancient form of written language-name of those buried inside a form of map or chart,relte to local landscapes/stars or planets they may represent dreams or hallucinations

Question 51

why do welll feel the carving were of mjor significance

Answer 51

their importance is seem through time and skill to carve them

Question 52

what was the deep carving technique known as

Answer 52

chip carving/pick dressing

Question 53

what was used to carve the designs

Answer 53

flint(pointed stone)possibly driven by a hevier hammer stone.

Question 54

describe the carving technique

Answer 54

the designs were carved out bit by bit using flint then smoothed over with a pebble.Very deep designs were carved into stone

Question 55

what technique was used for the shallow motifs made

Answer 55

incison

Question 56

list designs present on K1

Answer 56

lonzenges triple sprial central vertical line arcs double sprial arched wavy lines lonzenges

Question 57

Name designs present on K 51

Answer 57

double sprial lozegnges large grouve arcs oblong shapes (contains naturally formed grove and pockmarks)

Question 58

Name three tyes of stone used at newgrange and their orgins

Answer 58

greywackle-clogherhead Co louth (inner passage ways) granite bourlders- dundalk Bay white quartz-wicklow mountains-facade

Question 59

How were the stones brought to newgrange?

Answer 59

carried bu ship alon the sea and up into the river boyne,transported via logrolling

Question 60

name the architrct in the discover and resotiation of newgrange

Answer 60

Micheal O'Kelly

Question 61

What did the drought of 2018 reveal in the Bru na Boinne area

Answer 61

details of monuments near newgrange. it shows that the dru na boinne area is much more complex and diverse than anyone could have imagined. And there must have been huge population involved in the construction of these enormous structures

Question 62

Name three things we can tell about these people from their extraordinry and mysterous tombs

Answer 62

highlt sophisticated and intelligent society.Engineering skills.Organised spritial belief in the afterlife,Highly organised,dertimed and inventive.

Question 63

Name the other two major passage tombs found at bru na boinne

Answer 63

knowth and dowth

Question 64

what artifact was found at knowth

Answer 64

ceremonial macehead.