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Visual Art > BIG CRAM FOR ART HISTORY > Flashcards

BIG CRAM FOR ART HISTORY Flashcards

1
Q

Media

A

the plural of medium.It is the material the srtist uses to make/ create/ communciate their idea

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2
Q

Process

A

how the artist creates their art

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3
Q

technique

A

the range of ways an artist uses and explores their chosen media

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4
Q

what is a curator

A

a professional who manages the artwork or artfacts in a muesumn or art gallerys collection

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5
Q

name three functions of a curator in a public art gallery or muesum

A

put together public exhibitions
acqiring new items, applying for funding for exhibitions.
selecting worls for exhibitions

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6
Q

what is the perminant collection in a gallery or muesum

A

it consists of the objects or pieces of art that are collected and owed by a muesum

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7
Q

name on artwork in the perment collection in NGI

A

the taking of christ - caravaggio

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8
Q

what is a commercial gallery

A

a privately owned commercial gallery, where people go to buy artworks by contempoary artists and the gallery takes a percentage comission from the artist

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9
Q

what period preceded the baroque

A

renaissance

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10
Q

name the period that bridged the reaissance and the baroque

A

mannerism

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11
Q

when was ther baroque

A

1600- 1700

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12
Q

what was the orgin of the term baroque

A

orginally used as a insult, meaning, irregular, barocco - to describe pearls of odd shapes

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13
Q

why was baroque given its name and by who?

A

art produced during this period was considered too lively and exuberant by Neo-Classicists of the 18/19th cent and was looked at with distaste

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14
Q

what does the twrm, context mean in relation to visual art

A

the circumstances arounf which the work was created

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15
Q

what is meant by the term patronage in art?

A

the support that the monarcy, the catholic church and the wealthy have provided to artists.

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16
Q

who was the main patron during the baroque period

A

catholic church

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17
Q

what was the reformation

A

major movement within western christianity in the 16th century europq and posed a religious and political threat to the catholic church

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18
Q

who lead the reformation?

A

martin luther

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19
Q

what did the catholic church establlish in response to the reformation?

A

conter reformation established the council of trent

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20
Q

what impact did the council of trent have on the impact of the art required by the church?

A

they wanted to ensure that art communciated the stories of the bible effectively and clearly

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21
Q

what city became central of the development of the baroque style? Why?

A

rome, catholic churches mulitplied and were decorated in a new and confident style, particularly in rome.

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22
Q

was the baroque limited to this particular country?

A

no, the baroque is an international style

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23
Q

what kind of subject matter became popular with baroque artists in Italy?

Why?

A

dramatic and highly emotional, artists oftem choose to potray the most dramatoc moments from bible stories.
the requirments of art was that they wanted images that would evoke emotion in the ordinary people and draw them back to the catholic church.

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24
Q

composition

decribe the innovations and inventorions in the following AEDP that were introduced by baroque artists in italy

A

complex and energetic composotions (less calm and symetrical) Figures arranged close to the picture plane to compell viewers to actively partake in a baroque work

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25
light and shade ## Footnote decribe the innovations and inventorions in the following AEDP that were introduced by baroque artists in italy
richer and odten more dramatic contrasts of light and shade using charascuro and tenebrism
26
colour ## Footnote decribe the innovations and inventorions in the following AEDP that were introduced by baroque artists in italy
radient and glowing
27
describe the three main areas of practice that combine to make the baroque artstyle a powerful visual and emotional expeirence
painting, sculpture and architecture. the effect of a baroque work is immediate and can be fully apperciated through the three arts of painting, sculpture and architecture which created a powerful effect
28
contrats the pieta with the crucifixion of st peter. stating: the artists, the composition
**The Pieta** renaissance, michealango stillla and calm composition within a isoceles triangle **The crucification of st peter** baroque , caravggio disturbing, X shaped composition filled with movement and capturing the physicality of violence
29
contrats david with david stating: the artists, the composition
**David - renaissance , michelangeo** calm and controlled composition- symmetrical **David - baroque, bernini** composition creates a explosion of energy, movement and physicality
30
Whats happing in this biblical scene? | the taking of christ, caravaggio
showing the betray of judas and the capture of jesus christ by soilders
31
decribe the composition | the taking of christ, caravaggio
intense scene of chaos shown by the overcrowded composition. the figures are uncomfortabely close to the picture plane. asymetrically balanced and being pushed to the left. emphasising jesus vulunerability
32
explain the term earthy realism and the name the artists most associated with it
earthy realism is caravaggios intention to copy nature faithfully whether we think it ugly or beautiful of ugly. used by caravaggio. He refused to idealise his figures
33
give an example of earthy realism in the taking of christ, caravaggio
this unapologetic violent scene the brutal atomsphere
34
what is the term used to describe caravaggios extreme contrasts of light and shade
tenebrism
35
explain the term caraggisti
artists who painted in caravaggios dinstinct style are known as caravaggisti
36
in what way did holland differer from italy during the baroque period
italy's baroque was fueled by the catholic church and its desire for emotionally religious painting, while in holland, it ws fueled by a economic boom due to increased trade
37
who became the new patrons in holland at this time
a new wealthy, merchant middle class who enjoyed collecting art formed the economic boom in holland, which meant anyone could buy art. a phenomenal democrasition of art
38
name 4 types of subject matter that became popular
Genre - ordinary people doing everyday things still life. Celebrated the new wealth. landscapes, cityscapes and seascapes. Showed apperciation of dutch land. Portraits of middles class - preserve their likeness. large group portraits - promote specific organisation
39
what does the term genre mean?
scenes of ordinary people doing everyday things, often showing city scenes and domestic scenes
40
when was holland at the peak of its global economic power?
17th century
41
what is the three main innovations and inventions that rembrandt is known for?
Impasto - thick layers of paint applied onto the canvus compositions - arranged his figures close to the picture plane in a shallow space chiarscuro - dramatic contrasts of light and dark using shade
42
did rembrandt limit his range of areas of practice
no- he was a draughtsman a painter and printmaker.
43
did rembrant limit his range of subject matter and why was it usual at the time
he did not limit his range of subject matter and painted a varity of differnt subject matter, unlike most artists at the time who only specilised in one paticular subject matter
44
what city did rembrandt work in primilary and why
amsterdam, it became one of the most wealthest citys in europe as it was an international trade centre
45
what subject matter did he become sought after for?
portraits
46
did he travel to other countries?
no
47
how would he have seen the work of other artists?
amsterdam became a major art trade centre and he would have seen highly accourate depictions of other artists work
48
when was this painted | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
1632
49
list three ways we can see the influence of caravaggio if this work in rembrandt's early work style | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
carefully blended brushstrokes to not disturb the illusion of naturalism chiarscuro- rembrandt relied on more tonal contrats compostitions- arranged in a shallow space close to the picture plane
50
what age was rembrant when he painted this work? | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
26
51
who was it painted for? | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
the amsterdams surgeons guild
52
who are the figures featured | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
dr tulp- medical professor at the surgeons guils. teaching a lesson on anatomy . seven other of his collagues surround him. Dr tulp is the only person wearing a hat
53
why would this scene not been painted in italy at this time | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
italy was largely catholic, catholic tradition necessitated that their bodies must be buried in a state of wholeness. Holland was largely protestant calvinists
54
In what way was it innovative and inventive in terms of composition in comparason with other groups at this time in holland | The anatomy lesson or Dr Tulp
the asymetricall composition gives the painting movement and egergy. Dr tulp is the focal point as he is the only person wearing a hat. All of the other people look in different directions and are estabilished individuals but work together as a unified group. The white collars add intresting implies lines. The figure are crowded into the frount of the canvus, compelling the viwer to take part in the scene
55
What type of subject matter is this artwork | the milkmaid
genre
56
describe vermeer's use of the following AEDP in this work | the milkmaid
the calm and asymetrically composition gives a sense of peace and tranquility in this comfy domestic scene. carefully structured and arranged using linear prspective to create depth and space and carries our eyes around the painting
57
colour | the milkmaid
in midts of calm passive yellows and beige we see vermeers choice of ultramarine blue used freely on the cloth around the maids waist and as a base
58
light | the milkmaid
he is known for masterful techniquw of light, flodding his interiour scenes with cool, crisp northen european daylight from a window, illumating the tinest details.
59
what term is used to describe his highlighting technique and what does it do
pointile, the use of his sparkling highlights to add a magical quality
60
what city did vermeer work in
delft
61
was vermeer a prolific artist? how many artworks are attributed to him?
no, 36 works
62
colour and materials, name the pigment he used liberally
ultramarine blue
63
where did ultamarine blue come from?
lapis lazuli mined in afganstan
64
why might vermeer have access to this pigment
holland had acess to many exotic goods due to the dutch east india company
65
what period preceded the neolithic period?
mesolithic period
66
when was the neolithic period
4000-2000
67
what was the origin of the term neolithic
comes from the greek language neo - new lith - stone
68
in what way did the neolithic people differ from their predecessors?
new farming techniques began to emergy as the people settled in communties and this enabled them to think beyound survival, allowed for time for creativity by building momentents to their dead.
69
what tools did the neolithic people develop
mainly stone toola, flint could be sharpned and it acted as a sharp blade for carving and hunting
70
name the 4 types of eolithic tombs and give an example and location of each
portal dolmains - burren, co claire wedge tombs - glennisheen, the burren, co claire court caines - creeykeel, co sligo passage tombs, newgrange, boyne valley,meath
71
what is a passage tomb/ grave
a corridor composed of massive vertial stones slabs callled orthostats on bothsides, wchich would have been covered by stone slabs and covered in an an artifical cairn
72
name and give the location of irelands best preserved passage tomb
newgrange- boyne valley, bru na boinne, co meath
73
when does newgrange date
3200BC
74
where is bru na boinne
50 km from dublin, bend in the river boyne
75
name the river near newgrange
river boyne
76
why would the neolithic people have settle and thrived here?
as a emerging farming socirty, water would have been essential for farming, the river boyne offered communciation, transport and trade, also as a freshwater source and food source
77
what was the main function of nregrange
saftely store the remains of their dead in stone basins in the deep recesses of the chamber.
78
Name other possible functions of newgrange
celbrations, to worship pagan gods, ritualisic events, calander, dinstinct solar enlighment.
79
what was the significance and function of the roof box?
during the moring of the winter solistice the sun would shine into the chamber , lighting up the designs of the chamber
80
why did the neolithic people design the roof box
newgrange woulf have been used as a calander, this could have signified the start of spring. The neolithic poeple could have also worshipped the sun and its life giving powers, also they would have been relient of the sun and its life giving powers
81
when was the roof box discovered during modern times
1963
82
how long does the illumination last for
17mins
83
highest external point of newgrange
11m
84
highest internal point
6m
85
diameter
80 m
86
number and function of kerbstones
97, helped contain and stabilise the cairn of stones
87
lenght of passage
19m
88
shape of inner chamber
crisiform chamber, three recesses
89
how many orthostats line the passage
21 RHS, 22LHS 43 total
90
what does the triple sprial symbolise
cycle of birth, life and death.
91
where in newgrange is the corbel vault located
roof of the chamber
92
describe the designs/ motifis
concentric circles sprials triple sprial arcs chevrons triangles lonzenges serptine forms/ waves radials
93
how were the designs made
drawn freehand, carved into the surface smooth greywackle boulders
94
what could the symbols possibly represent
ancient form of language- names of those within map/ chart of landscapes or starts represent dreams or hallucinations
95
why do we feel the smbols were of major significance
it would have taken then a lot of skill and effor to carve these designs
96
what the deep carving techniques called
chip carving / pick dressing
97
what technique was used for the shallow motifs made?
Incision
98
what was used to carve the motitifs
sharpned flint drivien in by a heavier hammer/ stone
99
how were the stones brough to newgrange
sea- ship land- transported via logrolling
100
name the architect involved in the discovery and resotation od newgrange in the 1960
micheal o kelly

Visual Art (10 decks)

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