Golden age +Rembrandt van Rijn Flashcards
Why did the baroque style develop different in different ways across europe
The baroque style developed in different was across europe depending on individual political systems and religion
Whats another term used to decribe 17th century Baroque art in holland
the Golden age of dutch painting
What country and religion had ruled Holland before the 17th century.
Spain- ruled by King Philip- Catholic
What major political and religious change took place in Holland at this time
Holland became an Independent protestant republic after the reformation.
What religion did Holland the majorityadopt after the reformation
Protestant calvinists
In what way did Holland change economicaly as this time
Holland became an economic powerhouse- it became wealthy based on trade
name and describe the major commercial enterprise that developed holland at this time.
The Dutch east India company was formed, it was the largest commercial enterprise in the world. Holland became one of the weathiest nations in the world
What was the the major commercial enterprise in Holland based on
Trade, Amsterdam became a international trade centre
Did the catholic church remain the major art patron in Holland in the 17th cent
No, dutch artists were lavisly supported by a new, wealthy and protestant middle class patronage
Was there more or less demand for large-scale biblical and religious works
less demand.Many dutch citizens became dutch calvinists who calued simplicity, and images in public places of worship were prohibited.Churches were plain,white washed and lacked art
Who became the new patron of the arts in holland during the baroque period
a wealthy new merchant middle class who enjoyed collecting art
How did the new partonage impact on the subject matter
More focus on new secular subject matter to cater to their new customers, these paintings became mostly smaller in scale
Name 5 types of subject matter that became popular and explain why
Genre
Scenes of ordinary people doing everyday things,city scenes,domestic scenes and church interiors
Still life
painters created extremely realistic and detailed depictions of everything from lvish and exotic food to flowers.Vanitas
Landscapes, cityscapes and sescapes
The dutch apperciated their country, and enjoyed views of their city, land and sea that they had fought so hard to regain.
Portraits of the middle class
members of the prosperous middle class wanted their likeness to be preserved. Individual portraits of the middle class.
Large group portraits
these bacame popular in holland during the 17th cent. These group portraits were often placed in a public space so the image could proote a paticular organisation
How did the subject matter impact on scale, in general and why
Paintings became smaller in scale as people wanted art in their house
Did certain cities specialise in certain subject matter
The school of delft specialised in Genre- located in a canal circled city in holland
Explain the term Vanitas
Vanitas were still life with moral lesson with symbolic significance of rotting fruit or decaying flowers.-(memento mori: remember you will die)
Name a female artist who worked in holland at this time
Judith Leyster, specilised in portraits
Why were woman encourge to become artists in holland at this time?
The economic growth fuelled the demand for paintings.Becoming an artist during this time was often part of the family business. Both men and women were encourged to become artists
What are the main three main innovations and Inventions that Rembrandt is known for
Impasto - he evolved the most revolutionary technique and freedom. surface caked in paint
Compositions- shows figures close to the picture plane/ front of the canvus in a shallow space
chiaroscuro - strong lighting contrasts
Did rembrandt limit his range of areas of practice
rembrant was a draughtsman, painter and printmaker.
Did rembrandt limit his range of subject matter? and why was this unusual at the time in holland?
Unlike most dutch painters who specilised in a paticular subject matter, rembrants works depicts a wide range of style and subject matter
Did rembrandt usually paint religious works for chrurches
no, calvists churches prohibited images in places of worship
what city did rambrandt work in primarliy and why
amsterdam, it was one od the wealthies cities in europe
What subject matter did rembrandt become sought after
portraits
