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Visual Art > Golden age +Rembrandt van Rijn > Flashcards

Golden age +Rembrandt van Rijn Flashcards

1
Q

Why did the baroque style develop different in different ways across europe

A

The baroque style developed in different was across europe depending on individual political systems and religion

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2
Q

Whats another term used to decribe 17th century Baroque art in holland

A

the Golden age of dutch painting

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3
Q

What country and religion had ruled Holland before the 17th century.

A

Spain- ruled by King Philip- Catholic

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4
Q

What major political and religious change took place in Holland at this time

A

Holland became an Independent protestant republic after the reformation.

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5
Q

What religion did Holland adopt after the reformation

A

Protestant calvinists

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6
Q

In what way did Holland change economicaly as this time

A

Holland became an economic powerhouse- it became wealthy based on trade

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7
Q

name and describe the major commercial enterprise that developed holland at this time.

A

The Dutch east India company was formed, it was the largest commercial enterprise in the world. Holland became one of the weathiest nations in the world

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8
Q

What was the the major commercial enterprise in Holland based on

A

Trade, Amsterdam became a international trade centre

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9
Q

Did the catholic church remain the major art patron in Holland in the 17th cent

A

No, dutch artists were lavisly supported by a new, wealthy and protestant middle class patronage

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10
Q

Was there more or less demand for large-scale biblical and religious works

A

less demand.Many dutch citizens became dutch calvinists who calued simplicity, and images in public places of worship were prohibited.Churches were plain,white washed and lacked art

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11
Q

Who became the new patron of the arts in holland during the baroque period

A

a wealthy new merchant middle class who collecting art

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12
Q

How did the new partonage impact on the subject matter

A

More focus on new secular subject matter to cater to their new customers, these paintings became mostly smaller in scale

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13
Q

Name 5 types of subject matter that became popular and explain why

A

Genre
Scenes of ordinary people doing everyday things,city scenes,domestic scenes and church interiors
Still life
painters created extremely realistic and detailed depictions of everything from lvish and exotic food to flowers.Vanitas
Landscapes, cityscapes and sescapes
The dutch apperciated their country, and enjoyed views of their city, land and sea that they had fought so hard to regain.
Portraits of the middle class
members of the prosperous middle class wanted their likeness to be preserved. Individual portraits of the middle class.
Large group portraits
these bacame popular in holland during the 17th cent. These group portraits were often placed in a public space so the image could proote a paticular organisation

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14
Q

How did the subject matter impact on scale, in general and why

A

Paintings became smaller in scale as people wanted art in their house

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15
Q

Did certain cities specialise in certain subject matter

A

The school of delft specialised in Genre- located in a canal circled city in holland

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16
Q

Explain the term Vanitas

A

Vanitas were still life with moral lesson with symbolic significance of rotting fruit or decaying flowers.-(memento mori: remember you will die)

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17
Q

Name a female artist who worked in holland at this time

A

Judith Leyster, specilised in portraits

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18
Q

Why were woman encourge to become artists in holland at this time?

A

The economic growth fuelled the demand for paintings.Becoming an artist during this time was often part of the family business. Both men and women were encourged to become artists

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19
Q

What are the main three main innovations and Inventions that Rembrandt is known for

A

Impasto - he evolved the most revolutionary technique and freedom. surface caked in paint
Compositions- shows figures close to the picture plane/ front of the canvus in a shallow space
chiaroscuro - strong lighting contrasts

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20
Q

Did rembrandt limit his range of areas of practice

A

rembrant was a draughtsman, painter and printmaker.

21
Q

Did rembrandt limit his range of subject matter? and why was this unusual at the time in holland?

A

Unlike most dutch painters who specilised in a paticular subject matter, rembrants works depicts a wide range of style and subject matter

22
Q

what city did rambrandt work in primarliy and why

A

amsterdam, it was one od the wealthies cities in europe

23
Q

What subject matter did rembrandt become sought after

A

portraits

24
Q

what three artists influenced rembrandt

A

caravaggio
titian
rubens

25
Q

did rembrandt travel to other countries

A

no

26
Q

how would he have seen the work of other artists

A

amsterdam had become a major art dealing centre and he would have seen highly accurate depictions

27
Q

What are the three charateristics of his early style believed to be influenced by caravaggio

A

cafefully blended brushstrokes
compositions- showing figures close to the picture plane
strong lighting contrasts - chiaroscuro

28
Q

What age was Rambrandt when he painted this piece

In The Anatomy lesson of Dr tulp

A

26yrs old

29
Q

Who was it painted for/who comissioned it

In The Anatomy lesson of Dr tulp

A

Amsterdam surgeon’s guild

30
Q

Who are the figures featured

In The Anatomy lesson of Dr tulp

A

Dr tulp- professor of medcine at the amsterdam anatomy guild.seven other medical professionals about human anatomy

31
Q

Why would this scene not have been painted in italy at this point

In The Anatomy lesson of Dr tulp

A

Italy would have been catholic-catholic tradition necessitated that dead bodies be buried in a state of wholeness

32
Q

In what ways was it innovtive and inventive

In The Anatomy lesson of Dr tulp

A

Crowds his figures into a shallow space, close to the picture plane. adds to the viewer feeling apart of the scene. Dr Tulp is the focal point.everyone is looking in different directions,the eight dinstict figures are showed as nified group. the dynamic asymmetrical composition adds movement and atomsphere. it carries out eyes around the painting.The white collars crete interisting implied lines

33
Q

Decribe Rembrandts brushwork technique in In The Anatomy lesson of Dr tulp

A

His early style had brushstrokes that were carefully blended to not disturb the illusion of naturalism

34
Q

List three ways we can see the influence of caravaggio in this work
(The anatomy lesson of dr tulp)

A

figures close to the front of the canvus(picture plane)
Carefully blended brushstrokes, do not disturb the illusion of naturalism.
Chiaroscruo- rembrant relied more on tonal contrasts

35
Q

Describe Rembrandt’s painting technique

In the Night Watch

A

Revolutionary technique and freedom with his brushstrokes and expeirmentation with oil paint. Impsto- thick paint.

36
Q

What does the term Glazing mean

A

working in layers from back to front eith glazes

37
Q

what year was the Night Watch painted

A

1642 – 10 yrs after the Anatomy lesson of Dr Tulp

38
Q

Describe the differen in rembrants brushwork technique

In the Night Watch

A

at a distance, the paintinf i filled with defined light, colour and detail. It was painted with a loaded brush, thick impasto and flickering

39
Q

Why is it called the Night Watch

A

Doesnt take place during the night, this naming mistake is due to the yellowing varnish and the build up of dirt

40
Q

What is the subject matter

In the Night Watch

A

Group portrait of military company of civic guardsman.

41
Q

Whats so innovative about the composition

In the Night Watch

A

Explosion of energy and stomsphere, X- shaped composition, sitters peform specific actions the define their roles- more naturalism.

42
Q

In what way can this be considered Baroque

In the Night Watch

A

Light- Chiaroscro. effective use of sunlight and shade. high energy, dramatic.

43
Q

Describe the structure of the composition

In the Night Watch

A

Strong X-shaped composition, the figures form an implied line

44
Q

How many figures in the painting

In the Night Watch

A

34

45
Q

How does rembrandt use light to focus or attention

In the Night Watch

A

Use of sunlight and shade, he leads the eyes to the most important charaters in the crowd.

46
Q

Who influenced his use of light

In the Night Watch

A

Caravaggio

47
Q

Who influenced his late brushwork technique

A

Rubens

48
Q

describe the colours

In the Night Watch

A

Mostly dark green-browns and black, interspaced by rich reds and golds

Visual Art (10 decks)

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