The neck

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

What is the vertebrae prominens?

Answer 2

C7

Question 3

How do the transverse processes of C3-6 differ from the other C vertebrae?

Answer 3

Broader and cupped to support spinal nerves

Question 4

Where re the prevertebral and paravertebral muscles found?

Answer 4

Prevertebral anteriorly, paravertebrally laterally

Question 5

Describe location of the scalenus anterior

Answer 5

Lateral neck

Anterior tubercles C3-6 -> scalene tubercle of 1st rib

Question 6

What passes between the scalenus anterior and the scalenus mass?

Answer 6

Subclavian vessels and nerves of the brachial plexus

Question 7

What innervates the scalenes?

Answer 7

Ventral rami of C5&6

Question 8

What other lateral muscles are there in the neck?

Answer 8

Scalene mass, splenius muscles, levator scapulae

Question 9

What plexuses do the cervical nerves form?

Answer 9

C1-C4= cervical plexus
C5-T1= brachial plexus

Question 10

Where is the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic chain found?

Answer 10

Opposit C2 inbetween scalenus anterior and prevertebral muscles

Question 11

What is the stellate ganglion and where is it found?

Answer 11

Inferior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain fused with the 1st thoracic ganglion
In front of the neck of the 1st rib

Question 12

How does sympathetic supply get into the head and brain?

Answer 12

Via the sympathetic plexus that travels with the internal and external carotid arteries

Question 13

What are the rami and what does the phrenic nerve supply?

Answer 13

C3, 4&5, supplies diaphragm

Question 14

Where does the carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 14

At level of C3

Question 15

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 15

Some angry lady figured out PMS-

Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal

Question 16

What s found in the carotid sheath?

Answer 16

Internal carotid artery, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein

Question 17

Where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 17

From the subclavian artery via the thyrocervical trunk

Question 18

Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 18

Common carotid via the external carotid

Question 19

How is the path of the inferior thyroid vein different from the superior and middle?

Answer 19

By passes internal jugular vein and enters straight into brachiocephalic vein

Question 20

Describe the parathyroid glands

Answer 20

4 the size of a pea

Located close to the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

Question 21

Where does the omohyoid attach?

Answer 21

Hyoid bone->intermediate tendon->superior border of scapula

Question 22

Name the 2 deep infrahyoid muscles

Answer 22

Thyrohyoid above and sternothyroid below

Question 23

What are the two superficial infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 23

Sternohyoid (medially) omohyoid (laterally)

Question 24

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 24

The ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

Thyrohyoid & geniohyoid are innervated by C1+hypoglossal nerve

Question 25

Action and innervation of trapezius

Answer 25

``` Spinal accessory Upper fibres elevate scapula Middle fibres retract scapula Lower fibres depress scapula Rotation of scapula ```

Question 26

Actions and innervation of sternocleidomastoids?

Answer 26

Spinal accessory nerve Tilts head to shoulder on same side Turns face towards opposite side Draws head forwards

Question 27

Borders of posterior triangle

Answer 27

Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, clavicle

Question 28

Borders of anterior triangle

Answer 28

midline of neck, sternocleidomastoid and inferior border of mandible Apex is jugular notch

Question 29

What does the muscular part of the anterior triangle contain?

Answer 29

Infrahyoid muscles and thyroid gland

Question 30

Name the superficial cervical lymph nodes

Answer 30

Occipital, posterior auricular, preauricular, submandibular and submental Generally found surrounding external jugular vein

Question 31

Name the groups of deep cervical lymph nodes

Answer 31

``` Surrounding internal carotid Prelaryngeal Pretracheal Paratracheal Retropharyngeal ```