The face

Question 1

What is the philturm?

Answer 1

Median groove on the external surface of upper lip

Question 2

What is the frenulum?

Answer 2

Fold attached to deep surface of upper lip and gum

Question 3

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 3

Facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 4

How does the buccinator aid mastication?

Answer 4

By pressing cheeks and lips against the teeth to avoid food accumulating in vestibule of mouth

Question 5

Name the main muscles of facial expression

Answer 5

Obicularis oris, obicularis oculi, buccinator, frontalis, occipitalis

Question 6

What is the blood supply to the face?

Answer 6

Forehead and anterior scalp= opthalmic artery
Superficial temporal, posterior auricular and Occipital= lateral and posterior scalp
Facial artery (wiggly one)

Question 7

What forms the extenal jugular vein?

Answer 7

Retromandibular vein+ superficial vein from behind ear

Question 8

Describe the facial vein

Answer 8

Formed at medial angle of eye, runs down behind artery. Below mandible its joined branch of retromandibular vein and joins internal jugular vein

Question 9

Where is the parotid gland found?

Answer 9

Between the mastoid process and the mandible

Question 10

Why does swelling of the parotid gland cause severe pain?

Answer 10

Stretches the fascial capsule

Question 11

What is the supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 11

Parasympathetic supply travels with glossopharyngleal nerve, synapses in otic ganglion, postsynaptic fibres travel with auriculotemporal nerve (V3) to parotid gland
Sympathetics come from external carotid plexus

Question 12

What passes through the parotid gland?

Answer 12

Branches of the facial nerve, retromandibular vein, terminal branches of external carotid artery

Question 13

Which areas of the face aren’t supplied by the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 13

Area over mandible and parotid gland= cervical plexus

Question 14

Which division of the trigeminal nerve is wholly sensory?

Answer 14

Maxillary division (V2)

Question 15

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

Answer 15

Dura mater (meningeal branch)
Skin over the maxillae, upper teeth, roof of mouth, soft palate, nasal cavity and part of auditory tube
Infraorbital nerve emerges on face

Question 16

Where does the facial nerve arise and what happens to it?

Answer 16

Arises at the cerebellopontine angle and passes into internal acoustic meatus travelling in the facial canal. Parasym fibres come off and supply pterygopalatine ganglion. Sensory leaves as chorda tympani and also conveys parasym to submandibular ganglion.
Motor root gives branch to stapedius before exiting skull via stylomastoid foramen, supplying post belly of digastric and stylohyoid then entering parotid gland.
Splits into 5 motor branches.

Question 17

What are the 5 terminal motor branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 17

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 18

What muscles are supplied by the facial nerve apart from muscles of facial expression?

Answer 18

Stapedius
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid

Question 19

Mumps can cause problems with the facial nerve- how?

Answer 19

Inflamed parotid gland presses on terminal motor branches of facial nerve
Only motor problems to facial expression muscles