the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
long
-shape
-example
-function
-location
-longer than wide
-femur in a dog
-act as levers: aid locomotion and support
-bones of the limb
short
-shape
-example
-function
-location
-equal dimensions
-carpal in a cat paw
- absorb impact
-bones of the feet or paws
flat
-shape
-example
-function
-location
- strong, flat plates of bone
-scapula in ahorse
-protect organs: muscles attach to hem
-bones of the pelvis, cranium (skull) and scapula (shoulder blade)
sesamoid
-shape
-example
-function
-location
-usually, short irregular bones embedded into a tendon
-patella (kneecap) in a dog
-reduce friction
-bones of a fetlock in a horse
irregular
-shape
-example
-function
-location
-odd, shaped bones
-vertebrae in giraffe
-protection, support, anchor points
-bones of the vertebral column
three types of joints and descriptions
-fibrous joints- are fixed by fibrous connective tissue they allow no movement
-cartilaginous joints- held together by cartilage allow slight movement
-synovial joints- freely moveable
(Synovial joints)
hinge
-movement
-example
-flexion/extension
-elbow/knee
(Synovial joints)
pivot
-movement
-example
-rotation of one bone around another
-top of the neck
(Synovial joints)
ball and socket
-movement
-example
-flexion/ extension adduction/abduction internal and external rotation
-shoulder/ hip
(Synovial joints)
gliding
-movement
-example
-gliding movement
-intercarpal joints
(Synovial joints)
condyloid
-movement
-example
-flexion/ extension adduction/ abduction
-wrist phalanges
(Synovial joints)
saddle
-movement
-example
-most movements apart from rotation
-thumb
what is the axial skeleton?
head
trunk
body
what is the appendicular skeleton?
limbs
appendages bones
what are the five main functions of the skeleton?
support
protection
movement
blood production
storage of minerals
