the circulatory system

Question 1

what are red blood cells also known as?

Answer 1

erythrocytes

Question 2

what is the structure of red blood cells? and why?

Answer 2

-a biconcave shape (flattened disc shape)
-to help maximize surface area
-small and flexible so they can fit through narrow blood vessels

Question 3

what is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 3

-to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
-contains a protein called haemoglobin

Question 4

what is the function of platelets?

Answer 4

-fragments of cells with protein attached to their surface
-allows them to stick together for clotting

Question 5

what is the function of platelets?

Answer 5

to clot up to stop bleeding after illness or injury

Question 6

what is the structure of plasma?

Answer 6

a clear, pale straw coloured liquid
-makes up the fluid component of blood

Question 7

what is he circulatory system also known as?

Answer 7

the cardiovascular system

Question 8

why is it called a double circulatory system?

Answer 8

it travels in two circuits
-pulmonary
-systemic

Question 9

what is the structure of an artery?

Answer 9

thick elastic tissue in the wall
smaller lumen

Question 10

what is the structure of a vein?

Answer 10

-less elastic tissue than arteries
-valves stop blood flowing backwards
-large lumens

Question 11

what is the structure of capillaries?

Answer 11

-thin walls to allow gas exchange of nutrients

Question 12

what are three examples of circulatory disorders?

Answer 12

-mitral valve (bicuspid valve) disease (MVD)
-heart murmurs
-von Willebrand disease

Question 13

what does MVD cause?

Answer 13

-it causes the mitral valve to degenerate
-blood starts to flow backwards
-eventually worsens valves collapse causing heart failure

Question 14

what are symptoms of MVD?

Answer 14

-heart murmur
-shortness of breath
-coughing
-reduced exercise ability

Question 15

what is the treatment of MVD?

Answer 15

-drugs to remove excess fluid
-a low sodium diet
-exercise restrictions

Question 16

what is heart murmurs caused by?

Answer 16

abnormal blood flow
abnormal heart structure

Question 17

what are symptoms from heart murmurs?

Answer 17

-coughing
-weakness
-problems exercising

Question 18

what are treatments of heart murmurs?

Answer 18

-diet
-medication
-possible surgery

Question 19

what is Von Willebrand disease caused by?

Answer 19

-insufficient amounts of clotting factors
-there are 3 types =type1 least severe type 3 most severe

Question 20

what are symptoms of Von Willebrand disease?

Answer 20

-unexplained bleeding
-blood in urine or faeces
-excessive bleeding from minor wounds or surgeries
-lameness in joints

Question 21

what are treatments for Von Willebrand disease?

Answer 21

-there are no treatments available
-management involves
reducing potential for bleedings
manage bleeding that does occur

Question 22

what is the systematic circuit?

Answer 22

carries oxygenated blood around the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 23

what is the diastole stage?

Answer 23

relaxation stage

Question 24

what is the systole stage?

Answer 24

contraction stage

Question 25

what are baroreceptors?

Answer 25

they detect changing in pressure of blood filling the atria

Question 26

what are the 4 stages of the heartbeat?

Answer 26

1.sinoatrial node
2.atrioventricular node
3.bundle of His
4.Purkinje fibres

Question 27

what is the sinoatrial node?

Answer 27

the natural pacemaker
-causes an impulse causing the atria to contract forcing blood to the ventricle
-this sets the heart rhythm and rate

Question 28

what is the atrioventricular node?

Answer 28

detects the impulse and redirects it to the bundle of His
-this causes a delay to allow the atria to contract before the ventricle

Question 29

what is the bundle of His?

Answer 29

also called the atrioventricular bundle
-it is a group of fibres in the septum which impulse travels through to the base of the ventricles

Question 30

what are the Purkinje fibres?

Answer 30

these fibres act as neurons and are found in the walls of the ventricles
the impulse from the bundle of His reaches the Purkinje fibres causing the ventricles to contract