The multi-store model of memory (2)

Question 1

What is The multi-store model of memory made up of?

Answer 1

1) The sensory register
2) Short term memory
3) Long term memory

Question 2

Info on: The sensory register

Answer 2

The sensory register
all stimulation from the environment is passed to the sensory register
The sensory register is split into parts one for each of our senses. There is an “iconic” store which is visual, an “echoic” store which is acoustic and the other stores are all in one.
The register has a high capacity but short duration and only things paid attention to may pass into short term memory

Question 3

Info on: Short term memory

Answer 3

Short term memory
Has a small capacity of 7 +- 2 and a duration of about 30 seconds
Rehearsal will consolidate the memories and move them to long term

Question 4

Info on: Long term memory

Answer 4

Long term memory

LTM is potentially permanent memory store with an unlimited capacity

Question 5

Evaluation of: The multi-store model of memory

Answer 5

Baddeley 1966(B) found we mix up acoustically similar words which support the sensory register
Many people disagree with the idea the STM and LTM are separate stores

Question 6

Who made the Multistore Model of Memory?

Answer 6

Atkinson + Schiffrin

Question 7

When was the MSM Created?

Answer 7

1968

Question 8

What was each part of the Multistore Model of Memory?

Answer 8

Sensory Register
Short Term Memory
Long Term Memory

Question 9

What does Each Part of the MSM Encode?

Answer 9

Sensory Register: All 5 Senses
STM: Mainly Acoustic
LTM: Semantic

Question 10

What is the Storage Capacity for Each Part of the MSM?

Answer 10

Sensory Register: All Sensory Experience

STM: 7 Items (+/-2)

LTM: Unlimited

Question 11

How does Retrieval Occur during Each Part of the MSM?

Answer 11

Sensory Register: Scanning

STM: Sequential Scan

LTM: Semantic/ Temporal Search

Question 12

How does Forgetting Occur during Each Part of the MSM?

Answer 12

Sensory Register: Lack of Attention (Decay)

STM: FIFO

LTM: Lack of Rehearsal

Question 13

What Evidence supports the MSM?

Answer 13

Henry Molaison:
Brain Surgery damaged his LTM, but his STM is still intact - Proves they’re Separate

Clive Wearing:
Encaphalitis - Unable to transfer STM to LTM - Proves they’re Separate

Glanzer + Cunitz (Primary + Recency Effect):
First words are Remembered due to LTM, Last Words are Remembered due to STM. - Proves they’re Separate

Question 14

What Evidence challenges the MSM?

Answer 14

HM:
Couldn’t make long term memories, but could learn new skills -> challenges that STM is just 1 store

CW:
Couldn’t remember LT memories, but could play the piano + conduct an orchestra -> challenges that STM is just 1 store

Dual Tasks:
Better at remembering 2 of the same type than 2 different ->Challenges that STM has a fixed capacity.

Question 15

What are some Issues + Debates for the Multistore Model of Memory?

Answer 15

Brain damaged patients aren’t generalisable to all society

Brain Damaged Patients are meant to be Anonymysed

Reductionist: The MSM underplays the connection between the Sensory Register, STM + LTM - too Simplistic

Question 16

What is Episodic Memory?

Answer 16

Stored info about life Experiences + Events

Sometimes called Autobiographical Memory; Similar to a Mental Diary

e.g. Receiving your GCSEs

Question 17

What is Semantic Memory?

Answer 17

Words, Facts, Rules, Meaning + Concepts are stored as Knowledge

Similar to a Mental Encyclopaedia

e.g. Counting in French, Knowing Paris is the Capital of France

Question 18

How is Episodic Memory Encoded and Stored?

Answer 18

Experiences and Events are encoded and stored with Temporal/Spatial Referencing (when + where they were learnt)

e.g. You know you got your GCSEs on a morning of Aug 2015, in the canteen