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History Civil Rights > The Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1960 > Flashcards

The Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1960 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened with Rosa Parks and the bus?

A

She was asked to move back in the bus because it was full of white people but she refused. The police was called and she was arrested

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2
Q

Where did the Rosa parks incident hapoen?

A

Montgomery Alabama

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3
Q

When did the Rosa Parks incident happen?

A

1st December 1955

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4
Q

What other factors may have started the montgomery bus boycott?

A

White bus drivers bulling black pasangers

There was lots of vivil rights groups in montgomery at the time

WPC was focusing on bus changes

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5
Q

What does WPC stand for?

A

Women’s Political Counsil

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6
Q

When was the WPC set up?

A

1946

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7
Q

Who became the new president of the WPC?

When?

A

1950

Jo Ann Robinson

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8
Q

How many black women had previosly refused to give up their seat before Parks?

A

5

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9
Q

Why was Park’s arrest special?

A

The number of people arrested was increasing whilst appeals to the bus companies were being ignored

Parks was a middle aged women who was respected and there was nothing shady about her
Parks was the secretary of the Montgomery NAACP
She knew how to behave as the face of a boycott

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10
Q

Whow as the leader of the NAACP youth counsil in Montgomery?

A

Rosa Parks

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11
Q

What happened immediatly after the arrest of Parks?

A

The WPC called for a 1 day boycott of the busses on the 5th of December

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12
Q

Was the 1 day boycott a sucsess?

A

Yes 90% people boycotted buses

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13
Q

What did the MIA stand for?

A

Montgomery Improvement Association

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14
Q

When was the MIA set up?

A

5th December 1955

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15
Q

What was the MIA’s aims?

A

Improve Black American’s lives

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16
Q

Who was he head of the MIA?

A

MLK

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17
Q

Why was MLK chosen for the head of the MIA?

A

he was new to montogery - had no enemies
He was a clergy man and was paid by the church
Well educated and belived strongly in Civil Rights
He belived in non-violence and made passionate speaches
He was christian
He was good at raising funds and getting publicity

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18
Q

What happened on the 8th December 1955?

A

Members of the MIA met with the bus company who refused to make any changes

The MIA agreed to continue the boycott until their demands were met

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19
Q

How did people get to work during the boycott?

A

Car pools

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20
Q

When did the first car pools start?

A

12th December 1955

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21
Q

Eventally how many cars were in the car lift?

A

Over 300

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22
Q

What happened on the 30th January 1956?

A

King’s home was bombed (with his family inside) as well as other churches

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23
Q

What did the bombing of king’s hime and other buildings do?

A

Increased publicity and make peopel sympathetic with King

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24
Q

What was the advantage of non violence?

A

It made the black people look like victums

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25
Q

Who was the main oposition to the boycott?

A

WCC grew
Mayor Gayle
KKK

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26
Q

What happened in January with the mayor

A

He joined the WCC

27
Q

Who was the mayor of Montgomery?

A

Mayor Gayle

28
Q

What type of arrests increased in January 1956?

A

Speeding (on black people)

29
Q

What happened on the 22nd Febuary?

Leading to?

A

King and 88 other MIA members were arrested for disrupting lawful business

They were sent to jail

30
Q

When did the 89 MIA members appeal the desision to send them to jail?

A

19th March

31
Q

What was the verdict of MLK’s trial?

A

Guilty - he was to pay a fine of $500

32
Q

What happened on the 1st Febuary 1956?

A

NAACP filed a court case to desegregate Montgomery

Brower v. Gayle

33
Q

What was the MIA argument in the Brower court case?

What was this similar to?

A

14th Ammendment rights

The winning argument in the Brown case

34
Q

Who was browder?

A

A women arrested for the same sort of crime as Parks

35
Q

When dod the Browder V. Gayle case come on trial?

A

11 May

36
Q

When did the Supreme Court give a rulign in the Browder case?

A

5th June

37
Q

What was the ruling of the Browder case?

A

Buses shoud, desegregate

38
Q

What haooened on the 13th November 1956?

A

The bus company appealed the desision to desegregate busses but the Supreme Court upheald the original decision

39
Q

What haooened on the 17th December 1956?

A

A second appeal was rejected from the Supreme Court

40
Q

What did the boycotters have to deal with?

A

Bombings
Threats
Loss of jobs or bank loans
Going to jail

41
Q

What was the 3 main reasons why the mintgomery boycott suceded?

A

Organisation
Commitment
Publicity

42
Q

How did organisation help the montgomery bus boycott succede?

A

MIA and WPC
people were well informed about the one day boycott hrough leafletsm local press and church services
Later events such as car pools

43
Q

What was Jo Ann Robinson?

A

President of the WPC
Was a teacher (of English)
She and several of her students dropped of flyers to inform people of the boycot

44
Q

Who was E. D. Nixon?

A

A NAACP member
Parks called him when she got arrested
Well respected an was good at rsising funds for the MIA

45
Q

Who did Parks call when she got arrested?

A

E.D Nixon

46
Q

Whoo was Ralph David Abernathy?

A

Was a clergyman and a NAACP member

When King left Montgomery he took over as the leader of the MIA

47
Q

Who took over as the leader of the MIA after king left?

When?

A

Ralph David Abernathy

1959

48
Q

What did King do when he saw that his hosie was bombed?

A

Looked inside and told the crowd that everyon was fine. He didn’t exibit any anger and tild the crowd to go home and remember their non-violence ways

49
Q

Why was the Montgomery bus boycott important?

A

It showed black people could organise massive resistance
It brought MLK into the spotlight
It showed the importance of betting good publicity
Sparked other boycotts
It was where the rules of non-violence protests were first set out
It got sympathy as black people were being attacked

50
Q

Where did the Montgomery bus boycott spark other boycotts?

A

Tallahassee in Florida

51
Q

What happened after the boycott?

A

Buses were desegregated although bus stopped wern’t

White people were still very violent towards the people of Montgomery houses of MIA leaders continued to be firebombed

Shots were fored at people riding the buses

52
Q

What happened to the bus service after re-opening as an intergrated service?

A

It had to be closed for a while (until things calmed down) because shots were being fired at people riding the buses

53
Q

What happened to some people who bombed MIA’s member houses after the boycott?

A

7 WCC members were arrested but were latter cleared of all charges

54
Q

When was the Civil Rights Act?

1950’s

A

1957

55
Q

Who critisised the Civil Rights act?

A

A lot of people

Eisenhower himself said that change needed ot come from the people

56
Q

What prevented the forst vote on the Civil Rights Bill?

Who?

What party?

A

A filibuster of 24 hours and 18 mins

Strom Thurmond

Dixicrat

57
Q

What did the Civil Roghts act do?

A

Allowed courts to prosecute violations of voting rights

58
Q

What did the Civil Roghts Act show?

A

That the government supported Civil Rights

Southern States could easy ignore it

59
Q

What does the SCLC stand for?

A

Southern Christian Leadership Counsil

60
Q

When was the SCLC set up?

A

January 1957

61
Q

What did the SCLC do?

A

Coordinate church based protests around the south

Non-violence. Wanted desegregation
Wanted mass action
Wanted a broad-based black and white membership

Theu wanted to get enough black voters to have an impact on the 1958 and 60(presidential) elections

62
Q

How long did the Montgomery bus boycott last?

A

381 days

Just over a year

63
Q

When did the Montgomery bus boycott end?

A

20th December 1956

64
Q

How did the SCLC help get voter regestration up?

A

Training local communities for the voter regestration tests

History Civil Rights (7 decks)

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