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History Civil Rights > Progress In Education > Flashcards

Progress In Education Flashcards

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1
Q

Ahat were schoold like in the 1950s?

A

Segregated

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2
Q

What was something which governers would do to stop segregation?

A

Upgrade black schools

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3
Q

Who was the govorner of South Carolina?

A

James Byrnes

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4
Q

What did James Byrnes do to stop desegregation?

A

He spent over $100 million upgrading Black schools rather then allowing black students to go to white schools

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5
Q

Where was Linda Brown from?

A

Topeka Kansas

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6
Q

Why was special about Linda Browns journey to school?

A

She had to pass an white school to get to her black school

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7
Q

When did Brown’s parents loose a court case?

About what?

Why did they loose?

A

1951 (with 12 other parents)

Arguing that there daughter shoudk be abke to got to the closer white school

Plessy said that rhe schoold were seperate but equal

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8
Q

What was the court case called?

About education

A

Brown v. The board of Education of Topeka Kansas

Or

Brown v. Topeka

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9
Q

How did the NAACP layers argue the brown case?

A

Segregated schools wern’t equal becasue it made black students feel inferior

The 14th Amendment was being brocken as black children felt unequal

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10
Q

What was the situation in the brown case by December 1952?

A

They hadn’t made a ruling het and called for a re-trial

Meanwhile one of the pro-segregation judges died and was replaced by a pro-desegregation judge

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11
Q

What was the name of the pro desegregation judge that replaced a pro-segregation judge?

A

Earl Warren

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12
Q

When was the Brown v. Topeka case finished?

A

May 1954

In favor of Brown
They said that “seperate but equal” has no place nowerdays

They also beat Plessy

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13
Q

What was 1 oversite (or intentional mistake) with the Brown v. Topeka case?

A

In 1954 the Supreme Court set no time scale on desegregation

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14
Q

What happened in May 1955 (in Brown v. Topeka)?

A

A second Supreme Court case said that desegregation should be carried out with “deliberate speed”

This was called Brown II

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15
Q

What was the Second Supreme Court case called?

A

Brown II

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16
Q

What happened to Linda Brown?

A

She was no too old to go to the original primary school

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17
Q

What was the immediate significance of Brown v Topeka?

A

It reversed Plessy (beat) and therefore sparked more desegregation campaigns - many of which went on the win legal victories -

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18
Q

How long did it take DC and the boarder states to desegregate schools?

A

In the years immediatly following the court ruling

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19
Q

By the end of the 1957 school year how many school districts had desegregated?

(In the north and boarder states (still part of the south)

A

723

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20
Q

What were border states?

A

Southern States that were nearest North

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21
Q

What did the day of the Brown decision bedome known as?

A

Black Monday

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22
Q

What was the deep south’s reaction to the Brown v Topeka case?

A

Black children wanting to go to intergrated schoold recived abuse, threats and violence (as were their families).

NAACP members and also other pro intergrated people were also abused…

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23
Q

What happened to desegregate schools in the deep south after Brown v Topeka

A

Many schools said they wre making plans to desegregate but did nothing

Some governers didn’t accept desegregation
Some governers made emotional pledges to keep segregation
A governer demanded “massive resistance” and said he would close schools trying to segregate

WCC was set up
KKK memberships grew

Many people protested outside schools - it threatened and intimidated black people trying to go to school

It made Black American’s lives more dangerous

24
Q

How may legaly enforcing intergration be harmful for bakck students?

A

Theynwere unwanted and were unliky to get a good education from white teachers rather than black students in a segregated school

25
Q

What were the long term impacts of the Brown case?

A

Layed a legal foundation for future court cases

It raised awarness for Civil Rights

Going to school may have became more dangerous for black students and black teachers often had trouble from white students

White flight - white people moved away from intergrated schools

26
Q

Where was Little Rock?

A

Arkansas

27
Q

How many black students applied to Little Rock in Little Rock?

A

75

28
Q

How many students were accepted in the Little Rock Central High school in Little Rock?

A

25

29
Q

What year did Little Rock start accpeting black students?

A

1957

30
Q

How many black students actual went to Little Rock?

Why?

A

9

Some people dropped out because of threats and violence

31
Q

Who was the governer of Arkansas in 1957?

Also a big opposer to desegregation?

A

Orval Faubus

32
Q

What did Faubus do to stop intergration at Little Rock?

A

He sent 250 state troops to “keep the peace” at the start of the school term

The state troops stopped the black students from getting in and the school board told the black students to skip the first day

33
Q

Who was the local NAACP organiser in Little Rock?

A

Daisy Bates

34
Q

What did Daisey Bates organise?

When?

A

She organised for the 9 Children to go to the second day of Little Rock together

35
Q

Which student didn’t get the message to arrive together

A

Elizebeth Eckford

36
Q

What happene to the 1 student who didn:t get the message to arive together?

A

She walked up to the state troopers (thinking they would protect her) but they turned her away to the crowd who shouted “lynch her”

37
Q

How public did Little Rock become?

A

By the 4th September

250 reporters and photographers

38
Q

Why did Eisenhower make the presidential order?

A

He didn’t think the publicity was good for the US’s image abroad

He wanted to move quickly and knew that congress wouldn’t approve his plan

39
Q

What happened on the 23rd September 1957?

A

Aftee being ordered to by Eisenhower - Faubus removed federal troops but riots continued

The poliece chief took black students out of the school saying that the rioting was there fault

40
Q

What happened on the 24th September 1957?

A

Eisenhower signed a presidential.

41
Q

How controversial was the presidential order?

A

Really controversial

Eisenhower went to TV to explain himself

42
Q

What did the presidential order do?

A

It federalised the state troops (put the state troops under federal control)

43
Q

How long were the federal troops at Little Rock for?

A

Stayed there untill the end of term

44
Q

What couldn’t the federal troops stop?

A

Threats and taunts of white students and teachers

Hate mail, when they are at home

45
Q

What happened at the end of the school year?

A

In 1958 Faubus the closed every school in Little Rock

46
Q

When did Little Rock schoold re-open?

Why?

A

After complaints from white parents he was forced to re-open intergrated schools in September 1959

47
Q

What happened to the WCC after Little Rock?

A

It grew rapidly in members

They threatened more people and even bombed schools like the KKK

48
Q

What political oposition was there to desegregation?

A

Harry F. Byrd (Virgina) who demanded “massive resistance” to desegregation. He threatend ro close any schoold who intergrated.

No schools did

49
Q

What happened to Massive resistance?

A

In 1959 the Supreme Court ruled that “massive resistance” was illegal

50
Q

What happened after the Supreme court ruling in 1959?

A

Public schools in Virginia closed

51
Q

When did schoold in Virgina reopen?

A

1964

52
Q

How did school biards avoid desegregation?

A

They made pland very slow
They accepted few black students
They segregated within the school
They held psycological tests (to get into the school) which was made harder for black students
They would only desegregate 1 or 2 schools in an area

53
Q

What type of things did CORE tell black students in intergrated schools?

A

Be clean at all times
Be polite at all times
Don’ shout or fight ever
Stick together

54
Q

Possibley, why was there little support of intergrstion?

A

Harsh treatment made people scared to show support.

55
Q

When was the WCC set up?

A

July 1954

History Civil Rights (7 decks)

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