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History Civil Rights > Malcom X And Black Power 1963-70 > Flashcards

Malcom X And Black Power 1963-70 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Malcolm X’s name?

A

Malcolm Little

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2
Q

When was Malcolm X born?

A

19th May 1925

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3
Q

Describe and what hapened to Malcolm X’s farther

A

He was a baptist minister and was murdered when Malcolm X was 6

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4
Q

When happend to Malcolm X’s mother?

Therefore what happened to Malcolm X?

A

She had a mental breakdown

The children were put in foster homes

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5
Q

What happened in the middle of Malcolm X’s life?

A

He went to jail in 1946 for bulgary where hw joined the NOI

He become acusto ed to muslim and black nationalism beliefs

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6
Q

What does the NOI stand for?

A

Nation Of Islam

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7
Q

What sort of things would the NOI say?

A

White Americans held black Black Americans and that black people needed their own state

In the meanwhile black people should only be interdependent on other black people
(Not to try and intergrate)

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8
Q

What happened to Malcolm X after prison?

A

He became a minister for the NOI and then it’s spokesperson

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9
Q

How many members did the NOI have in 1952?

A

500

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10
Q

How many members did the NOI have after 1963?

A

30,000

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11
Q

What was a big reason why NOI membership increased from 1952-63?

A

Malcolm X becoming the spokesperson

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12
Q

What were Malcolm X’s belifes?

A

He rejected nin-violence

He critisised people such as MLK

He wanted for black people to break away from the (“White America”)

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13
Q

When did Malcolm X start his own religious organistation?

After what?

A

1964 (after he left the NOI)

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14
Q

What was Malcolm X’s new religious organistaion called?

A

Muslim Mosque Inc

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15
Q

What was the NOI’s responce to Malcolm X leaving?

A

They made death threats

They spoke out against him

They firebombed his home several times

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16
Q

What changed Malcolm X’s views?

A

He went on a pilgramage to Mecca and returned with changed views

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17
Q

What was Malcolm X’s chainged views?

A

More willing to accept intergration

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18
Q

How was Malcolm X’s new views shown?

A

He set up to Organistaion of Arfican American Unity

He would work with other Civil Rights groups eg SNCC and CORE

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19
Q

Why did Malcolm X leave the NOI?

A

Mohammad was suppost to be perfect

However he asked Malcolm to help him cover up affairs (and multiple children) which he had had.

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20
Q

Where was Malcolm X when he was assasonated?

A

New York making a speach

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21
Q

When was Malcolm X assasonated?

A

21 Febuary 1965

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22
Q

How was Malcolm X assasonated?

A

Shot 15 times when he was rushed by 3 members of the NOI whilst he was making a speach

1965

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23
Q

When was Malcolm X’s funeral

A

27 Febuary 1965

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24
Q

How many people went to Malcolm X’s funeral?

A

Over 15,000

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25
Q

What was “black power”?

A

A slogan used by more radical black radical groups from about 1963 onwards

26
Q

What sort of beliefs did “black power” groups have?

A

Encouraged black people to br proud of their culture and heritage

Rejected help from white people
Argued against intergration

Were influenced by Malcolm X
Use militant language and spoke about revolutions

27
Q

Who often supported black power movements the most?

Explain possibly why this is?

A

Poor people

Black power groups pften spoke of improving the lives of poor black americans as well.
They may have felt the worst of racism as they lived in the ghettos

28
Q

Why may have black power grown?

A

There was slow progress and legistation wasn’t working
Many civil rights leaders had shifted to problems like poverty
People wanted to have pride and they belived in themself
Groups like the Black Panthers often got good results on ishued they wanted solved

29
Q

What did Stokely Carmichael do?

A

After the voting rights act he and some other SNCC members

set up the Loendes County Freedom Orgnaistaion

Was elected leader of SNCC in 1966

Belived in non-violence but thought some things needed to change so he brough in some more people who belived in black power into SNCC

30
Q

What did the Lowndes County Freedom Organisation do?

A

It’s slogan was “Vote for the panther, then go home”

31
Q

What was Stokley Carmichael elected chair of SNCC?

A

May 1966

32
Q

Who led the march against fear?

A

James Meredith

33
Q

When was the march against fear?

A

June 1966

34
Q

Where was the march against fear?

A

Mississippi

35
Q

Whta was the march agaisnt fear protesting against?

A

Black people reciving violence

36
Q

What happened to James Meredith?

A

He was shot on day 2 whilst leading the march against fear

37
Q

Who took over the march against fear after the incident?

A

MLK and Stikley Carmichael

38
Q

What happened with the new leaders of the March against fear?

A

MLK wanted a peaceful protest

Carmichael’s militant speaches made it more radical and violence

39
Q

How did Black power effect CORE and SNCC?

A

Theu stopped accepting white members

They lost a lot of orignial members who belived in non-violence

40
Q

When was the Mexico olympics held?

A

1968

41
Q

What was a symbol of black power?

A

A raised clemched fist

42
Q

When was the mexico olympics?

A

1968

43
Q

Give the name of 2 black americans who won medals at the olympics?
Which medals?
Which event?

A

Tommie Smith and John Carlos - gold and bronze medals

200m race

44
Q

What was contriversal at the Mexico olympics?

A

During the national anthem the 2 black athlets did the black power salute whilst the US national anthem was playing

45
Q

What was the result of the black power salute in the Mexico olympics?

A

They were booed and recived racial abuse (directly afterwards)

They were suspended from the US team
US newspapers condemed them as did politicians

They recived death threats

There actions inspired a lot of younger black americans

46
Q

Who were the Black Panthers?

A

One of the larger black power groups
One of the most feared
(In their view one of the most misunderstood)

47
Q

When were the Black Panthers set up?

A

October 1966

48
Q

Where was the Black Panthers set up?

A

California

49
Q

Who set up the Black Panthers?

A

Huey P. Newton

Bobby Seale

50
Q

How did the Black Panthers get well known?

A

Theu brought guns to the state capitol in Sacramento protesting against a change to the gun laws - this scared many people and made the news

51
Q

What was unique with the Black Panthers?

A

They were willing to work with white people who shared their belifes

52
Q

What was the general black panther uniform?

A

Black beret, Black rousers, Black lether jacket

53
Q

What did most members of the Black Panthers see themself as?

A

There communities own police and social workers of their community

54
Q

What would a lot of Black Panther members do?

A

Patrolled black communities streets to keep them safe

Worked to create “rainbow coalitions”
Controlled traffic around schools to keep children safe
Pressed white governemnrt officials to maintain black areas
Ran cources of black history
Carried guns (self deffence) and tape measures
Organised charity work eg providing free shoes
Ran breakfats clubs for poor black children before school

55
Q

What was the black pantyers 10 point programme?

A

Wanted freedom
Full employment for their people
End of robary by captalists in their communities
Decent housing
Education for their people - including their true history

All balck men to be free for having to serve in the military
Immidiate end to police brutality
Freedom for all black men held in prisons
Black people to be tried by a black jury
They wanted land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace

56
Q

What did the Black Panthers achieve?

A

Helped to improve living conditions in ghettos
Clinics and breakfats clubs were sucesful
Improved the lives of many Black Americans

Many shootouts with police (which they called pigs)

57
Q

What happened in July 1967?

A

Californa passed a law making it illegal to carry guns in public places

58
Q

What haooened to Huey Newton?

What did this lead to?

A

In October he was badly wounded in a shot-out with the police
He was then charged for murder

“Free Huey” campaign

59
Q

What did the Free Huey campaign do?

A

Gained a lot of support an publicity for them

60
Q

By late 1968 how many city shad black panther movements in them?

A

25

61
Q

What was the most black panthers there was ever at one time?

A

About 2,000

History Civil Rights (7 decks)

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