The mongol empire Flashcards
-kublai khan:
founded yuan dynasty, abounded mongolian steppes for china, did not share ancestor’s dislike of settled life, enjoyed luxurious manner of chinese emperor, built square walled capital, built palace to enhance prestige, move capital from mongolia to china
-yuan dynasty:
lasted less than century, overthrown, (important): khan united china for first time in 300 years, control imposed by mongols across asia opened china to greater foreign contacts and trade, kubali and successors tolerated chinese culture and made few changes to system of government
- khan extend rule:
… to japan, sent fleet against japan, forced koreans to build, sail, and provide provisions for boats, japanese turned back mongol fleets,
-second fleet: j
: japanese warriors fought invaders to standstill, ships upended and swamped because of typhoon that swept across sea of japan
-mongol ways and civilization of china:
: had little in common with chinese subjects, mongols kept their separate identity. lived apart, obey different laws, kept chinese out of high government offices, highest government positions went to mongols or foreigners, mongols believed that foreigners were more trustworthy since they had no local loyalties
-trade:
increased under kublai, due to mongol peace, silk and porcelain (greatly valued in europe and western asia), carried chinese products and inventions, kubali invited foreign merchants to visit china (encouraged trade)
-mongol peace:
made caravan routes across central asia safe for trade and travel
marco polo:
young venetian trader, traveled by caravan on silk roads, arrived at khan’s court around 1275, learned asian languages, khan sent him to various chinese cities on government mission, served great khan well for 17 years, 1292 left china
-marco polo and war:
during war against genoa, captured and imprisoned, had time to tell story of travels, mentioned black stones (coal), recored practical workings of kublai’s government and aspects of chinese life
ellow prisoner
: gathered polo’s stories into book, success in europe but most readers did not believe it, thought it was collection of tall tales
-end of mongol rule:
weakness began appear, khan sent several expeditions into southeast asia, armies suffered defeats at huge expenses of lives and equipment, heavy spending on fruitless wars, on public works, luxuries of yuan court burdened treasury and created resentment among the overtaxed chinese, successors of khan could not resolve these problems
-yuan dynasty overthrown:
kubali died in 1294, after yuan dynasty began to fade, family members argued over who would rule, four different khans took throne,
-rebellions:
rebellions broke out, chinese resented mongol rulers, mongol humiliation of chinese only increased under khan’s successors, rebellions fueled by years of famine, flood, and disease, and growing economic problems, official corruption, 1368 chinese rebels overthrew mongols, leaders found new dynasty (ming)
decline of mongol empire:
by time of collapse of yuan dynasty, entire mongol empire had disintegrate, government of ilkhanate in persia fell part in 1330s, chagatai khans ruled central asia until 1370s, only golden horde in russia stayed in power
-effect of rise and fall of mongol rule:
affected civilizations from eastern europe to china, khan tried to extend this influence to japan but failed,
