Tang and Song China

Question 1

-wendi:

Answer 1

eclared himself first emperor of sui dynasty, lasted only two emperors,

Question 2

-sui dynasty:

Answer 2

: completion of grand canal, built strong found for tang dynasty

Question 3

-grand canal:

Answer 3

aterway connected huang he and chang jiang, provided vital route for trade between north cities and southern rice-producing region of chang delta,

Question 4

-revolt against sui dynasty:

Answer 4

easants dying and working to create Grand canal and great wall, overworked and overtaxed, assassinated second Sui emperor

Question 5

-Tang dynasty:

Answer 5

ruled for 300 years, gained northern and western lands (lost since decline of han dynasty), extend influence over Korea

Question 6

-tang taizong:

Answer 6

gained northern and western lands (lost since decline of han dynasty),

Question 7

-wuz zhao:

Answer 7

ruler during extend influence over Korea, held real power while weak emperors ruled, then got title of emperor, ONLY WOMEN TO DO SO IN CHINA

Question 8

-tang rulers: st

Answer 8

strengthened central government of china, expand roads and canals (pull empire together), promoted foreign trade and improvement in agriculture

Question 9

-tang rulers and restoring bureaucracy:

Answer 9

revived and expanded civil service examination system, who passed became part of scholar-officials

Question 10

-exams:

Answer 10

open to all men, wealthy have money for education, with political connections = could get job without exam, create intelligent and capable governing class,

Question 11

-importance and result of exams:

Answer 11

talent and education became more important than noble birth in winning power, result= wealthy families shared in government

Question 12

-before tang:

Answer 12

noble families dominated country,

Question 13

-tang lose power:

Answer 13

crushing taxes to meet costs of gov, bring hardships, failed to cover costs of military expansion and new building programs,

Question 14

-couldn’t control empire

Answer 14

muslims beat them at Battle of Talas, central asia control went to foreign hands, border attacks and internal rebellions chipped away at the power of imperial government, sacking and burning of tang capita

Question 15

-after fall of tang dynasty

Answer 15

ivided china into kingdoms

Question 16

-taizu:

Answer 16

reuint china, declare first song emperor

Question 17

-song dynasty:

Answer 17

ast three centuries, remained stable, powerful and prosperous, didn’t get west and north lands back,

Question 18

song dynasty and north:

Answer 18

try to get peace through annual tributes = fail, after jurdens force them to retreat south only ruled southern china

Question 19

-jin empire:

Answer 19

urchen conquered northern china, forced song to retreat south

Question 20

-population grow:

Answer 20

in song and tang, 10 cities with one million each, china = most populous country, became most advanced

Question 21

-important inventions:

Answer 21

gunpowder and movable type, porcelain, mechanical clock, paper money, used of magnetic compass for sailing

Question 22

-movable type

Answer 22

printer could arrange blocks of individual characters in a frame to make up a page for printing, carved words of whole page into one large block

Question 23

-gunpowder:

Answer 23

: led to explosive weapons

Question 24

-math:

Answer 24

made advanced in arithmetic and algebra, spread southward and westward

Question 25

-agriculture:

Answer 25

: rapid growth = cause, improve cultivation of rice, importation of fast-ripening rice from vietnam allow harvest two crops not one, officials distributed seedlings throughout country, produce more food, need more food to feed big population

Question 26

-foreign trade flourished:

Answer 26

china lost control over routes during tang decline, relied on ocean trade, advances in sailing technology = sea trade expand, port cities with international trade, sailed indian ocean to india, persian gulf and coast of africa, make trade colonies around southeast asia, foreign traders resided in chinese cities

Question 27

-chinese culture spread through trade:

Answer 27

spread throughout east asia,

Question 28

-big cultural export

Answer 28

= buddhism, spread to vietnam, korea and japan

Question 29

-two way:

Answer 29

exchange of goods and ideas was …, foreign religions spread to china and won followers

Question 30

-liu bo:

Answer 30

tang period, life’s pleasures

Question 31

-tu fu

Answer 31

tang period, praised orderliness and confucian virtues, critically about war and hardships of soldiers

Question 32

-painting

Answer 32

song dynasty, emphasized beauty of natural landscapes and objects, did not use bright colors, black ink = favorite

Question 33

-result of china’s prosperity:

Answer 33

society became mobile, moved to cities, greater social mobility, civil service system

Question 34

-gentry:

Answer 34

upper class, scholar officials and families, got status by education and civil service positions, not land ownership

Question 35

-urban middle class:

Answer 35

below gentry, merchants, shopkeepers, skilled artisans, minor official,

Question 36

bottom of urban middle class:

Answer 36

laborers, soldiers, servants

Question 37

-peasants: l

Answer 37

largest, toiled for wealthy landowners

Question 38

-women: s

Answer 38

subservient to men, status further declined in tang and song, (wealthy) their work was less important to family’s prosperity and status, (peasants) worked in fields, helped produce food and income for family

Question 39

binding of feet of upper class girls

Answer 39

= sing of changing status, when girls was young= bound rightly with cloth, broke arch and curled all but big toe under, produced lily foot, with bound feet = crippled for life, REFLECTED WEALTH AND PRESTIGE OF HUSBAND (who could afford such a beautiful but not useful wife)

Question 40

-social economic and technological transformations of tang and song

Answer 40

= permanently shaped chinese civilization