Feudal powers in japan

Question 1

-japan:

Answer 1

location shape growth of civilization, 120 miles separates japan from korea, 500 miles separate from china, close enough to feel civilizing effect of china, far enough away from invasion

Question 2

-geography of japan:

Answer 2

400 island make up japanese archipelago or island group that extends in arc more than 1200 miles long, japanese people lived on hokkaido, honshu, shikoku, kyushu, southern japan: mild climate, plenty of rainfall, mountainous, 12 percent is suitable for farming, natural resources = coal, oil, iron, summer and early fall: typhoons, earthquake and tidal waves are threats

Question 3

-first mention:

Answer 3

chinese writings of first century B.C. (not a united country)

Question 4

-early japan:

Answer 4

clans controlled territories, clan worshiped own nature gods and goddess, different parts people honored local gods

Question 5

-shinto

Answer 5

varied customs and beliefs combined to form japan’s earliest religion, means way of gods, based on respect for forces of nature and worship of ancestor, worshipers believed in kami

Question 6

-kami:

Answer 6

divine spirits that dwelled in nature, unusual or especially beautiful tree, rock, waterfall or mountain was home

Question 7

-yamato empire

Answer 7

yamato clan established itself as leading clan, claimed to be descended from amaterasu sun goddess,

Question 8

-forming of emperors

Answer 8

yamato chiefs called themselves emperors, early emperors did not control entire country but japanese gradually accepted idea of emperor

Question 9

-yamato overthrowing:

Answer 9

yamato rules lacked real power, dynasty was overthrown, rival clans fought for power and winning clan claimed control of emperor and ruled in emperor’s name

Question 10

-power in japan::

Answer 10

emperor (figurehead) and ruling power (reigned behind throne)

Question 11

emperor (figurehead) and ruling power (reigned behind throne)

Answer 11

japanese began to have more contact with mainland asia, came under influence of chinese ideas and customs

Question 12

-buddhism:

Answer 12

important influence brought by korea travelers, japanese imperial court officially accepted buddhism, ideas and worship spread through japanese society

Question 13

-shinto and buddhism:

Answer 13

japanese did not give up their shinto belief, some buddhist rituals became shinto rituals and some shinto gods and goddesses were worshiped in buddhist temples

Question 14

-prince shotoku:

Answer 14

most influential convert to buddhism, served regent for his aunt empress suiko, sent first of three mission of china, his people studied chinese civilization firsthand, planned strong central government like that of tang rules, tried to introduce china’s civil service system, attempt failed

Question 15

-noble birth:

Answer 15

remained key to winning powerful position, continued to be a country where few great families held power

Question 16

-adapted chinese ways to suit their own needs:

Answer 16

retained own traditions, imperial court decided it had learned enough from tang china, ended formal missions to tang empire (fallen into decline)

Question 17

-chinese things adopt:

Answer 17

writing, japanese artist painted landscapes in chinese manner, followed chinese styles in everyday living, cooking, gardening, drinking tea, hairdressing, modeled government on china’s

Question 18

-regent

Answer 18

rules when monarch is absent, ill or too young to rule

Question 19

-beginning of heian period:

Answer 19

imperial court moved its capital from Nara to heian (modern kyoto), japan’s noble families moved to heian, among upper class in heian highly refined court society arose

Question 20

-heian period

Answer 20

people filled days with elaborate rituals and artistic pursuits, rules dictated every aspect of life- length of swords, color of official robes, forms of address, number of skirts a woman wrote,

Question 21

-etiquette:

Answer 21

was important, laughing aloud was bad, everyone at court was expected to write poetry and to paint

Question 22

-accounts of heian society:

Answer 22

comes from diaries, essays and novels written by women of the court,

Question 23

• lady murasaki shikibu:

Answer 23

the tale of genji, account of life of a prince in imperial court, considered world’s first novel

Question 24

-heian period government:

Answer 24

elatively strong, strength was soon to be challenged by great landowners and clan chiefs who acted more and more as independent local rules

Question 25

-decline of central power: ri

Answer 25

rich fujiwara family held real power in japan, power of central government and fujiwara’s began to slip

Question 26

-countryside:

Answer 26

large landowner living away from capital, set up private armies, countryside was lawless and dangerous, soldiers preyed on farmers and travelers, pirates took control of seas, feudal system beginning: farmers traded parts of land to strong warlords in exchange for protection, with more land, lords gained more power, ruled like that of ancient china and medieval europe

Question 27

-samurai:

Answer 27

each lord surrounded himself with bodyguard of loyal warriors, lived according to bushido, expected to show reckless courage, reverence of god’s, fairness, and generosity toward those weaker than himself, dying an honorable death was judged more important than living a long life,

Question 28

-bushido:

Answer 28

demanding code of behavior, way of warrior,

Question 29

-minamoto family:

Answer 29

win when two most powerful clans fought for power

Question 30

-shogun:

Answer 30

emperor gave minato leader, yoritomo title of shogun, supreme general of emperor’s army, had powers of military dictator

Question 31

-kyoto

Answer 31

emperor reigned from kyoto, rebuilt on ruins of heian which had been destroyed in war

Question 32

-kamakura shogunate:

Answer 32

center of power was shogun’s military headquarters at…..

Question 33

-pattern of shoguns:

Answer 33

shoguns ruled through puppet emperors, lasted until 1868

Question 34

-kamakura shoguns:

Answer 34

strong enough to turn back the two naval invasions sent by kublai khan, japanese victory over mongols drained shogun’s treasury, loyal samurai were bitter when government failed to pay them, lost prestige and power

Question 35

-sumari

Answer 35

attached themselves more closely to their local lords fought one another as fiercely as they had fought mongols