Luther Leads the Reformation I

Question 1

renaissance emphasis on the secular and individual challenged church authority:

Answer 1

printing press spread secular ideas, rulers began to challenge church’s political power, germany= difficult for pope or emperor to impose central authority, northern merchants resented paying church taxes to rome

Question 2

-leaders were corrupt:

Answer 2

popes patronized arts, spent extravagantly on personal pleasure, fought wars, pope alexander VI: fathered several children, popes= too busy pursuing worldly affairs to have much time for spiritual duties

Question 3

-lower clergy corrupt:

Answer 3

poorly educated, scarcely read, broek priestly vows by marrying, drank to excess or gambled

Question 4

-influenced by reformers…..:

Answer 4

people had come to expect higher standards of conduct from priests and church leaders, europeans were reading religious works and forming their own opinions about the church, john wycliffe and jan hus,desiderius erasmus and thomas more

Question 5

-john wycliffe and jan hus

Answer 5

advocated church reform, denied pope had right to worldly power, taught bible had more authority than church leaders did

Question 6

-desiderius erasmus and thomas more:

Answer 6

added to voices to the chorus of criticism

-

Question 7

-johann tetzel:

Answer 7

raising money to rebuild st. peter’s cathedral in rome, sold indulgences, gave people impression that by buying indulgences: they could buy their way into heaven

Question 8

-indulgence:

Answer 8

pardon, released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins, supposed to affect god’s right to judge

Question 9

-95 theses:

Answer 9

posted on door of castle church in wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate him, someone printed luther’s words, luther’s name was known all over germany

Question 10

-beginning of reformation

Answer 10

actions of luther

Question 11

-reformation

Answer 11

movement for religious reform, led to founding of christian churches that did not accept pope’s authority

Question 12

-teachings

Answer 12

people could win salvation only by faith in god’s gift of forgiveness, all church teachings should be clearly based on words of bible, all people with faith were equal

Question 13

people could win salvation only by faith in god’s gift of forgiveness:

Answer 13

church taught that faith and good works were needed for salvation

Question 14

-all church teachings should be clearly based on words of bible:

Answer 14

both pope and church traditions were false authorities

Question 15

-all people with faith were equal:

Answer 15

people did not need priests to interpret bible for them

Question 16

-luther’s protests from eyes of people

Answer 16

way to challenge church control

-church

Question 17

-church officials and luther

Answer 17

first thought he needed to be punished, but when ideas became popular, pope realized he was a serious threat

Question 18

-pope leo x and luther

Answer 18

pope threatened luther with excommunication, but then his students at wittenberg burned decree, pope excommunicated luther

Question 19

-charles V

Answer 19

holy roman emperor

Question 20

-charles V and luther:

Answer 20

summoned luther to town of worms, told to take back his statements

Question 21

-after speech:

Answer 21

charles issued edict of worms

Question 22

-edict of worms

Answer 22

imperial order, declared luther outlaw and heretic, no one in empire was to give luther food or shelter, books to be burned

Question 23

-prince frederick the wise of saxony

Answer 23

disobeyed emperor, sheltered luther in one of his castles, there luther translated new testament into german

Question 24

-return from castle

Answer 24

luther saw ideas were already put into practice, followers and him became separate religious group

Question 25

-german peasants

Answer 25

demanded end to serfdom, raided, pillaging and burning, luther: wrote a pamphlet urging german princes to show peasants no mercy, princes’ armies crushed revolt, killing 100,000

Question 26

-result of peasants revolting

Answer 26

peasants rejected luther’s religious leadership

Question 27

-german princes:

Answer 27

supported lutheranism, some shared luther’s beliefs, others like his ideas for selfish reasons, saw teachings as a good excuse to seize church property and to assert their independence from charles V

Question 28

-german princes loyal:

Answer 28

joined forces against luther’s ideas,

Question 29

-protestants:

Answer 29

princes who supported luther signed a protest against that agreement, these protesting princes came to be known as protestants, applied to christians who belonged to non catholic churches

Question 30

-reuslt of charles V and protestant princes fighting:

Answer 30

charles failed to force them back into catholic chruch, ordered all princes to assemble in city of augsburg

Question 31

-peace of ausburg

Answer 31

princes agreeded that each ruler would decide the religion of his state

Question 32

-ehnry VII:

Answer 32

devout catholic, pope gave him title “defender of the Fatih” becase he wrote a stinging attack on luther’s ideas, needed male heir

Question 33

-need male heir:

Answer 33

feared similiar civial war would start if he died without a son as his heir

Question 34

-living child:

Answer 34

catherine of aragon (wife) : child mary

Question 35

-annul:

Answer 35

set aside

Question 36

-henry and catherine:

Answer 36

concinved she would not have more children, wanted to divorce her and take younger queen, asked pope to annul marriage but pope turned him down, did not want to offend catherine’s powerful nephew charles

Question 37

-reformation parliametn:

Answer 37

called parliament into session and asked it to pass a set of laws that ended the pope’s power in england

Question 38

-anne boleyn:

Answer 38

secretly married, 20s, gave birth to elizabeth, charged with reason, imprioned in tower of london, found guilty and beheaded

Question 39

-act of supremacy

Answer 39

henry’s break with pope was completed when parlimanet voted to approve act of supremacy, called on people to take an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting ehnry as officialhead of church

Question 40

-thomas morre

Answer 40

his faith would not allow him to accept terms of act and refused to take oath, henry arrested and imprioninsed him, found guilty and excuted

Question 41

-jane seymour:

Answer 41

3rd wife, gave birth to edward, died two weeks later after birth

Question 42

-marriages:

Answer 42

after seymour, three more times (none produced children)

Question 43

-edward:

Answer 43

king when nine years old, guided by adult advisers, reigned for six years

Question 44

-men that helped edward:

Answer 44

protestants, introduced protestant reforms to english chruch

Question 45

-mary:

Answer 45

atholic who returned english church to rule of pope, had many protestanse executed

Question 46

-elizabeth:

Answer 46

reuturn kingdom to protestantism

Question 47

-anglican chruch

Answer 47

parliament followed elizabeth’s wishes and set up the church of england, with elizabeth as head, only legal church in england

Question 48

elizabeth II:

Answer 48

establish a state church that modernate catholics and moderate proetestans might both accept

Question 49

-chruch of england:

Answer 49

riests allowed to marry (please protestans), deliever sermons in english, kept some trappings of catholic service (rich robes)< revised to bbe some what more acceptable to catholics

Question 50

-protestants and elizabeth

Answer 50

make more far reaching chruch reforms

Question 51

-catholics and elizabeth:

Answer 51

tried to other throw her and replace her with her cousin (mary queen of scots)

Question 52

-threats to elizabeth

Answer 52

protestans, catholics, philip II (catholic king of spain)

Question 53

-english and money

Answer 53

: english began to think about building an american empire as a new source of income, while colonies strengthened england economically they did not enrich the queen directly

Question 54

-need for money, elizabeth

Answer 54

would carry over into next reign and lead to bitter conflict between monarch and parliametn

Question 55

marith luther:

Answer 55

became monk and teacher, taught scripture at university of wittenberg in saxony

Question 56

marith luther:

Answer 56

became monk and teacher, taught scripture at university of wittenberg in saxony

Question 57

causes of the reformation (social)

Answer 57

renaissance values of humansim and secularism led people to question the Church
-the printing press ehlped to spread ideas critiacal of Church

Question 58

casues of reformation (political)

Answer 58

powerful monarchs challeneged the church as the supreme power in Europe
-many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challeneged his authority

Question 59

causes of reformation (economic)

Answer 59

european princes and kings were jealous of the church’s wealth
-merchants and others restend having to pay taxes to the church

Question 60

causes of reformation (religious)

Answer 60

some church leaders had become wordly and corrupt

-many people found hcurch practistes such as the sale of indulgences unaccpetable