The Middle Ages: "The Rest" Flashcards
What is a nation?
A nation is grouped together by commonly held beliefs.
What were the first four nation states?
England
France
Spain
Portugal
What did Charles V do for Spain?
He established it as an empire
What does scholasticism lead to?
The Age of Enlightenment
What were scholars?
The very few that could read and write for most of dark and Middle Ages
What is a country?
A country has government and borders recognized by other countries.
What did scholars do?
They worked in monasteries, translating greek and Arabic works into Latin (crusades?), laying foundations for the rise of universities in Europe. New knowledge in medicine, philosophy, and science in Europe.
What was the three-field system?
You would have three fields. Two would be in use, one would be fallow and would be grazed and fertilized by animals. You rotate which fields are in use each season.
What was a horse collar?
It was used in many animals. You could attach a plow to a work animal with the collar (moldboard plow).
What was Romanesque Architecture?
It was built during 800-1100, with rounded roofs, thick walls, and small windows (very little light).
What was gothic architecture?
It had tall spires, huge stained glass windows, thrust upward toward heaven, flying buttresses, and contained works of art (sculptures, wood carvings,…). Typically were churches. Built during early 1100’s.
What shifts in society happened during the Middle Ages?
- Population of Western Europe went up
- manorialism(feudalism) declines
- towns became more populated
- rise of the burghers(merchant class)^
What did flying buttresses do?
They were off-shooting arms that supported the gothic buildings, allowing them to build higher, by taking structural tension away from the buildings.
