The Four Crusades

Question 1

What were the crusades fought over and how many were there?

Answer 1

The four Crusades were all fought over (religious?) possession of Jerusalem.

Question 2

Who had a claim to the holy lands?

Answer 2

Muslims, Christians, and Jewish. However, the crusades were mostly fought between the Muslims and Christians.

Question 3

What were they fighting over/what were the motives? (Used by individuals?)

Answer 3

• land–>younger sons of nobility hoped to earn a fief
• glory–>fight for your religion and you’ll go to heaven
• opportunity to strengthen the king’s powers–>king was threatened by the nobles’ power, so they were shipped off to war and power was taken away from the lords
• adventure :)

Question 4

What was the children’s crusade?

Answer 4

Thousands of children set out to conquer Jerusalem (Christians).

Question 5

Why did the first crusade begin?

Answer 5

Pope Urban II started the first crusade in 1095, because he was afraid that the ChRiStIaN Byzantine Empire would be taken over by Muslims.

Question 6

What were the effects of the crusades?

Answer 6

-Cultural Diffusion–>trade between Europe and southwest Asia expands
-power of kings increased–>lots of nobility died during war or lost their fortunes, & pope’s power decreased
(LONG LASTING:)
-bitterness between Christian, Jewish, and Muslim people
-weakened church and Byzantine empire’s power–>Constantinople later fell
-feudalism weakened

Question 7

What was the reconquista?

Answer 7

Moors driven out of Spain.

Question 8

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

Answer 8

Many Jews and Muslims were converted to Christianity.

Policy of convert or leave. If you refused to convert AND refused to leave, then they were tortured until they died or converted (or maybe left?)

Question 9

What was the state of Europe around the 1100’s?

Answer 9

Basically ok

Question 10

What is a fief?

Answer 10

A claim to land, something the younger sons of nobility hoped to earn during the crusades.