The Microbiota of the GI Tract 2 Flashcards
What are some factors that affects the gut microbiota?
Environment
Diet
Life stage
Disease
Faecal transplant
Prebiotics
Antibiotics
Probiotics
Is microbial dysbiosis (imbalance) a cause or consequence of disease?
It is still unknown
What are examples of diseases that can be caused by microbes that normally live asymptomatically in the host?
MRSA infection
Strep throat
Gingivitis
Acne
Meningitis
Pneumonia
C. Difficile diarrhoea
Thurst
Urinary tract infections
Gastric cancer
What is an example of a disease that can occur when gut microbes translocate to other body sites?
Sepsis
Where can gut bacterium often translocate to?
Bloodstream
How has the incidence of infectious and immune diseases changed over the last 70 years?
Infectious diseases have been declining
Immune diseases have been increasing
Why has the incidence of infectious disease declined over the last 70 years?
Better disease treatment
Vaccination
Health standards
What has the incidence of immune diseases rised in the last 70 years?
Diet
Hygiene
Effect on microbiota possibly
What does inflammation in IBD result due to?
Dysregulated host immune response to the gut microbiota
How is the gut bacterial diversity different for people with IBD?
Less diverse than people who do not have IBD
What does it mean that IBD typically manifests in a non-uniform manner?
Patients have regions of healthy tissue adjacent to inflammed regions
What is an example of a bacterium that is elevated in Crohn’s disease?
Enterobacteriaceae
Why is it very difficult to entangle cause from effect?
Many features of IBD itself could affect the microbiota, such as antibiotic use, inflammation, diarrhoea (affects transit time), host diet and host genotype
What can reduced bacterial diversity and increase in Enterobacteriaceae occur due to?
Broad spectrum antibiotic use
Inflammation
What impact does antibiotics have on the gut microbiota?
Decreases diversity and increases Enterobacteriaceae
How does inflammation change the gut microbiota?
How does diarrhoea alter the gut microbiota?
Decreased transit time alters microbial composition
How does the hosts diet alter the gut microbiota?
Less fibre causes changes to microbiota composition
What is currently being research in terms of the contents of the gut microbiota?
Manipulating the microbioa to redress the dysbosis and relieve symptoms of IBD
How can the microbiota of the gut possible be manipulated to fix a reduction in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii numbers?
Provide specific prebiotics designed to boost numbers of F. Praesnitzii
Design F. Praesnitzii as a biotherapeutic agent