Anorectal Conditions Flashcards
What are the 2 broad categories of ano-rectal abnormalities?
Congenital
Acquired
What is the common presentation of ano-rectal abnormalities?
Pain
Haemorrhage
Dysfunction
What is a haemorrhage?
Escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
What are the different classifications of ano-rectal abnormalities?
Inflammation
Infection
Malignancy
Trauma
What are examples of ano-rectal congenital abnormalities?
Imperforate anus
Uro-Genital Fistulae
Hirschprung’s Myenteric Plexus Deficiency
What are examples of acquired ano-rectal abnormalities?
Haemorrhoids
Fissure
Abscess
Fistula-in-ano
Ulceration
Cancer
Control of continence
What should be considered when investigating haemorrhoids?
History
Site
Stage
Treatment
Complications
What is the treatment for haemorrhoids?
Stapled anopexy
What is stapled anopexy?
Procedure for Prolapse and Haemorrhoids (PPH), circular stapling instrument is inserted through the anus into the rectum which pulls the swollen and prolapsed blood vessels of the haemorrhoids back into their normal position
What is an anal fissure?
Break or treat in the skin of the anal canal
When investigating an anal fissure what should be considered?
History
Site
Stage
Treatment
Complications
How can the internal anal sphincter be relaxed?
Medical
Surgical
What medicine can be given to relax the internal anal sphincter?
Topical nitric oxide
0.2% glyceryl trinitrate paste
2% diltiazem calcium blocker
What surgical procedure can be done to relax the internal anal sphincter?
Internal lateral sphincterotomy
What is a peri-anal abscess?
Collection of pus develops near the anus
What are most peri-anal abscess’ the result of?
Infection from small anal glands